Pyridine compounds increase trap capture of &lt;i&gt;Frankliniella occidentalis&lt;/i&gt; (Pergande) in a covered crop

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Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a major pest of horticultural crops worldwide. The search for alternative pest management techniques has resulted in increasing interest in the use of kairomones and other behaviour-modifying chemicals to mitigate the impact of this pest. In this study, we determined whether the origin of populations, feeding history, and/or genotype influence the response of WFT to the thrips kairomone lure methyl isonicotinate (MI) in a Y-tube olfactometer study. Four New Zealand thrips populations were tested:(1) from a commercial glasshouse capsicum crop, (2) from a long-established laboratory colony (>222 generations) kept on chrysanthemums, (3) from a laboratory colony (6-9 generations) kept on French dwarf beans, and (4) thought to be a separate cryptic non-pest species from outdoor yellow tree lupins, Lupinus arboreus Sims (Fabaceae). In the laboratory tests, significantly more WFT from all four populations chose the MI-laden arm of a Y-tube olfactometer when it contained 1 ll methyl isonicotinate (61.3-73.2%) compared with the blank no-odour arm. No differences in response to MI were found between the two laboratory and the one glasshouse WFT populations. Both laboratory populations and the greenhouse population belonged to the 'glasshouse pest' genotype of WFT. However, the cryptic non-pest WFT genotype responded more strongly to MI than any of the other populations, although the response was only significantly stronger than that of the longestablished laboratory population. Significant differences were also found among populations in the average time taken for thrips to make a choice to enter either arm of the Y-tube olfactometer, with the cryptic non-pest lupin genotype taking the shortest time, followed by thrips from the capsicum glasshouse. The results are discussed with respect to the variability in olfactory perception and olfactory behaviour within a species and the relevance to the use of such a kairomone lure in pest management programmes.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory responses of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) populations to a non‐pheromone lure

Nielsen

Worner

Rostás

et al. 2015

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“…A commercial semiochemical for thrips, Lurem-TR, was obtained from Pherobank (Wageningen, The Netherlands). The active substance is methyl-isonicotinate, a pyridine compound which has previously been reported to be an effective monitoring tool for F. occidentalis (Davidson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Semiochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a semiochemical‐baited autoinoculation device treated with Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French bean in field cages

Niassy

Maniania

Subramanian

et al. 2011

The performance of an autoinoculation device was evaluated in field cage experiments for control of Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in French bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Samantha (Fabaceae). Treatments consisted of a fungus‐treated device with and without semiochemical (Lurem‐TR), and a fungus‐free device as control; the fungus used was Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). The overall mean number of conidia acquired by a single insect was higher in the fungus‐treated semiochemical‐baited device than in the device without semiochemical: 5.0 ± 0.6 × 104 vs. 2.2 ± 0.4 × 104 conidia per insect. The overall thrips mortality was also higher in the semiochemical‐baited device than in the device without the semiochemical: 59.3 ± 3.9 vs. 41.7 ± 3.5%. Conidial viability was not affected in the M. anisopliae‐treated device without semiochemicals, 7 days after treatment, whereas it was considerably decreased – from 81.0 ± 1.3 to 6.5 ± 1.1%, 2 and 7 days post‐inoculation – in the M. anisopliae‐treated semiochemical‐baited device. Thrips mortality was positively correlated with M. anisopliae conidial viability, and conidial viability was negatively correlated with conidial acquisition. This suggests that the semiochemical volatiles reduced the conidial viability, which in turn resulted in significant reduction in thrips mortality, despite the highest conidial acquisition in the semiochemical‐baited fungus‐treated device. Thrips density per plant was significantly reduced in both fungus‐treated treatments (with semiochemical: 8.7 ± 1.7 adults per plant; without semiochemical: 6.6 ± 1.4 adults per plant) compared with the fungus‐free control (19.8 ± 2.6 adults per plant). These results demonstrate the potential for an autoinoculation device strategy for the control of thrips, particularly in screenhouses.

“…For WFT, the discovery of an aggregation pheromone (de Kogel & van Deventer, 2003;Kirk & Hamilton, 2004;Hamilton et al, 2005) and a range of putative kairomones (Teulon et al, 2007a;Davidson et al, 2008) have contributed to the improved monitoring of this thrips species. Semiochemicals, such as methyl isonicotinate (MI), have shown considerable potential for improved monitoring of thrips by increasing the number of thrips caught on traps compared with semiochemical-free traps (Davidson et al, 2007Teulon et al, 2007a,b;Liang et al, 2010;Wogin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl isonicotinate induces increased walking and take‐off behaviour in western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Tol¹,

Bruin²,

Butler

et al. 2012

Timely detection of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is important to help prevent economic damage to crops. Coloured traps are commonly used for thrips monitoring and their efficacy can be markedly improved with the addition of semiochemicals such as methyl isonicotinate (MI). However, the behavioural response of thrips to these compounds is poorly understood. In leaf/petal disc laboratory experiments the effect of MI on adult female WFT was examined with respect to walking and take‐off behaviour. Clean air or air with MI was blown over the leaf/petal discs at an angle of 30° via a glass pipette connected to a wash bottle containing a cotton dental roll with or without a defined amount of MI. At airspeeds of 0.6–1.2 m s−1 and at doses of 1, 10, 50, 100, and 1000 μl (equivalent to indicative concentrations of 1.7, 4.5, 7.3, 8.8, and 14.9 ng MI l−1 air blown over the leaf discs), WFT spent a greater proportion of time walking on chrysanthemum leaf discs in the presence of MI than the non‐attractive thrips compound β‐caryophyllene or clean air. Western flower thrips showed a dose‐dependent take‐off response to the thrips attractant MI, but not to β‐caryophyllene (virtually no take‐off). At 100 μl of MI (8.8 ng l−1 air), WFT spent a greater proportion of time walking on host plant tissue than in clean air, depending on plant disc substrates. Furthermore, WFT took off more often from plant discs exposed to an air current containing MI than from those exposed to clean air. Western flower thrips exposed to MI took off at a similar rate from chrysanthemum leaves, chrysanthemum flower petals, and sweet pepper leaves, but much less readily from bean leaves. The results show that MI stimulates walking and take‐off behaviour for adult female WFT under these experimental conditions and these responses are dose‐dependent and mediated by the host plant. These results are placed in the context of previous research on the behavioural response of thrips to semiochemicals and their implications for thrips pest management are discussed.