Pyranoanthocyanins Interfering with the Quorum Sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-cell communication system that regulates several bacterial mechanisms, including the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation. Thus, targeting microbial QS is seen as a plausible alternative strategy to antibiotics, with potentiality to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Many phytochemicals with QS interference activity are currently being explored. Herein, an extract and a compound of bioinspired origin were tested for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation and interfere with the expression of QS-related genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract, a carboxypyranoanthocyanins red wine extract (carboxypyrano-ant extract), and the pure compound, carboxypyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside (carboxypyCy-3-glc), did not cause a visible effect on the biofilm formation of the P. aeruginosa biofilms; however, both significantly affected the formation of biofilms by the S. aureus strains, as attested by the crystal violet assay and fluorescence microscopy. Both the extract and the pure compound significantly interfered with the expression of several QS-related genes in the P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms, as per reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results. Indeed, it was possible to conclude that these molecules interfere with QS at distinct stages and in a strain-specific manner. An extract with anti-QS properties could be advantageous because it is easily obtained and could have broad, antimicrobial therapeutic applications if included in topical formulations.

Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Vitisin A Is Mediated by Inhibiting Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Enhancing LDL Uptake in HepG2 Cells

“…According to their structural differences, pyranoanthocyanins are divided into different groups ( Figure 1 ), including Vitisins-, Methyl-, Phenolic-, Flavanol-, Portisins-, Oxovitisins-, and Dipolymer-pyranoanthocyanins [ 19 ]. Most pyranoanthocyanins present a higher color intensity, better chemical stability, and higher antioxidant potential and other bioactivities compared to their anthocyanin counterparts in vitro [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, the cholesterol-lowering effect of pyranoanthocyanins and its underlying mechanism is still unclear.…”

DNase inhibits early biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa- or Staphylococcus aureus-induced empyema models

“…Chen et al ( Chen et al., 2016 ) proved that baicalein inhibited S. aureus biofilms by downregulating the QS system-associated genes agrA , RNAIII , sarA , and ica . Coelho et al ( Coelho et al., 2021 ) demonstrated that pyranoanthocyanins inhibited biofilm formation and interfered with the expression of the QS system-related genes in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. However, there is a lack of research concerning the molecular mechanisms of DNase inhibition in biofilm formation.…”

Inhibition of Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation by Wogonin Attenuates Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 via Targeting pqs Quorum-Sensing System

“…Several natural extracts from food with plant origins have been found to display inhibition function for P. aeruginosa QS systems. For example, sulforaphane from broccoli and gingerol from ginger could inhibit the las system [ 27 ], vanillin impaired the pqs system [ 28 ], hordenine from sprouting barley downregulated three QS systems [ 29 ], leaf extracts of mango suppressed virulence factors and biofilm formation in the tested bacteria with unknown mechanisms [ 30 ], and pyranoanthocyanins from red wine interfered with QS system at distinct stages in a strain-specific manner [ 31 ]. Diallyl sulfide from garlic inhibited QS systems of P. aeruginosa and enhanced biosynthesis of three B vitamins through its thioether group [ 32 ].…”