Pyramidal Lesion in the Monkey

Tower, Sarah S.

doi:10.1093/brain/63.1.36

Cited by 285 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…In primates, many studies have evaluated functional recovery after spinal cord transection [28][29][30][31], mostly using lesions of specific funiculi to determine the role of ascending [32][33][34][35] and descending tracts, especially the corticospinal tract [12,13,[36][37][38][39][40]. In initial studies we used a low thoracic (T10) hemisection to study the effect of a unilateral corticospinal tract lesion on quadrupedal stepping and recovery of fine motor control of the hindlimbs using tasks that required dexterous foot digit movements [41,42].…”

Section: Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Neurologic Disorders: A Nonhuman Primate Model of Spinal Cord Injury

et al. 2012

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Section: Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Neurologic Disorders: A Nonhuman Primate Model of Spinal Cord Injury

et al. 2012

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“…During the course of the past century, several other investigators have found that a behavioural technique can be used in animals to improve motor performance substantially after neurological damage [22][23][24][25] . However, none of these observations was embedded in a formal theoretical context that allowed the formulation of predictions, nor was the generality of the mechanisms clearly recognized.…”

Section: From Deafferentation To CI Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

New treatments in neurorehabiliation founded on basic research

2002

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The relative dearth of effective interventions in neurorehabilitation could be partly attributable to the weak contribution that this field has received from basic sciences such as neuroscience and behavioural psychology. Neuroscience holds an important place in the curriculum of physical therapy schools, but its influence has been largely didactic and has had little bearing on clinical practice. Behavioural psychology has contributed much to the treatment of chronic pain 1 , but has little or no place in the curriculum of physical rehabilitation schools or in the development of treatments for movement disorders. In other health-related fields, basic research has, of course, been of inestimable value in enabling the development of new therapeutic interventions. In the neurosciences, the fruitfulness of this approach has been amply shown by the development of treatments for Parkinson's disease and other disorders on the basis of the pioneering work of Carlsson and others on chemical neurotransmission 2,3 . The paradigm shift that is mentioned in the preface refers to the fact that this process of translation of basic research into new treatments is beginning to take place in the field of neurorehabilitation and is proceeding at an accelerating pace.After injury to the central nervous system (CNS), the initial deficit in behaviour, perception and/or cognitive ability is frequently followed by a spontaneous recovery of function. This resiliency may be considered as one type of behavioural plasticity. By apparent contrast, the traditional view in neuroscience during the first threequarters of the last century was that the mature CNS has little capacity to reorganize and repair itself in response to injury. This view extends back into the nineteenth century, promoted initially by Broca's studies on the localization of function within the brain 4 , which emphasized the constancy of organization of the mature CNS even after substantial injury. Although contrary views were expressed 5,6 , the mature CNS was generally believed 7 to show little or no plasticity 8 . Hughlings Jackson's hierarchical view 9 that lower centres of the brain substituted in function for higher damaged centres after CNS insult, together with other related formulations, had an important influence for most of the twentieth century on our thinking about the recovery of function. However, the phenomenon of spontaneous recovery of function was never fully explained and received little experimental attention, largely because the techniques needed to explore this process had not yet been developed. Beginning in the 1970s, research from several laboratories, including those of Merzenich Recent discoveries about how the central nervous system responds to injury and how patients reacquire lost behaviours by training have yielded promising new therapies for neurorehabilitation. Until recently, this field had been largely static, but the current melding of basic behavioural science with neuroscience promises entirely new approaches to improving behavioural, ...

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“…Tower (27) noted in 1940 that after unilateral lesions of the pyramidal tracts, monkeys would fail to use the affected limb; however, this use could be improved again with restraint of the unaffected limb. Taub (28) summarized several studies that explored the effects of the surgical abolition of somatic sensation in the forelimb of monkeys.…”

Section: Historic Basis Of Constraint-induced Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%