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Militerni, Roberto; Bravaccio, Carmela; Falco, Carmelinda; Fico, Cinzia; Palermo, Mark T.

doi:10.1007/s00787-002-0279-x

Cited by 194 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…That is, children with ASD demonstrated significantly more SIRS simultaneously (e.g., flapping while sighting, spinning while sighting) than the TD group. Previous studies have found that children with ASD demonstrate increasingly complex repetitive behaviors as they age (e.g., Bodfish et al, 2000;Militerni, Bravaccio, Falco, Fico, & Palermo, 2002), and our findings related to the simultaneous nature of SIRS align with these findings. The current findings demonstrate that complexity may be an important aspect of these behaviors that differentiates diagnostic groups and potentially contributes to exaggerated difficulties with participation for children with ASD and their families.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Observational Characterization of Sensory Interests, Repetitions, and Seeking Behaviors

Kirby

Little

Schultz

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors (SIRS) are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) and involve unusual actions that intensify or reinforce a sensory experience. Researchers and practitioners typically use parent-report measures or informal clinical observations to understand the presence and nature of SIRS. In this study, we used a scoring supplement to the Sensory Processing Assessment for Young Children, an observational measure, to characterize SIRS across three groups of children—those with ASD (n = 40), DD (n = 37), and typical development (n = 39). Group differences were identified in frequency and intensity of overall SIRS, complexity of SIRS, and incidence of particular types of SIRS (i.e., posturing, sighting, proprioceptive seeking, spinning). Facial affect was also explored and found to be primarily neutral during engagement in SIRS across groups. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Observational Characterization of Sensory Interests, Repetitions, and Seeking Behaviors

Kirby

Little

Schultz

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

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“…Specifically, stereotyped motor movements, repetitive use of objects, unusual sensory interests and repetitive self-injurious behaviors are more commonly observed among lower-functioning individuals with ASDs. Conversely, repetitive speech and circumscribed interests are more commonly observed among higher functioning individuals with ASDs (Bishop et al, 2006;Cuccaro et al, 2003;Lam et al, 2008;Militerni, Bravaccio, Falco, Fico, & Palermo, 2002;Turner, 1999). These studies suggest that the relationship between RRBs and functioning level may vary depending on the type of RRB examined.…”

Section: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors as Predictors of Outcome in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Troyb

Knoch

Herlihy

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors (RRBs) are core features of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Efforts to understand the purpose of RRBs have raised questions about the significance of the presence of RRBs in the long-term outcome of children with ASDs. Some studies have reported that the presence of RRBs during preschool years is a negative prognostic indicator for later childhood (e.g., Charman et al., 2005), while others have failed to replicate this finding (e.g., Bopp et al., 2009). This study examined the effect of RRBs on later functioning in 40 children with ASDs. RRBs were examined at ages 1-2 and 3-5 years using direct observation and parent report. These scores were used to predict cognitive functioning, adaptive abilities, and ASD symptomatology at age 8-10 years. The results suggest that RRBs observed early in the preschool period do not predict later functioning. However, when RRBs are observed at age 3-5 years, they appear to be useful prognostic indicators. Specifically, more severe preoccupations with parts of objects, sensory interests and stereotyped motor movements observed between 3-5 years of age predicted less developed cognitive and adaptive skills, as well as greater ASD symptom severity at age 8-10 years. The relationship between RRBs in the late preschool period and school age outcome is not as strong as the relationship between cognitive functioning in the late preschool period and school age outcome. However, overall, these findings indicate that exhibiting RRBs in the late preschool period does appear to be a negative prognostic indicator for school-age outcome.

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“…Other research indicates a different pattern of age-related differences in RRBs. In a comparison of younger and older children with ASD, younger children were more likely to exhibit motor and sensory repetitive behaviors, and older children were more likely to exhibit more complex repetitive behaviors (Militerni et al 2002). In another study of children with ASD who ranged in age from toddlers to 12 year olds, most RRBs, including self-injury, desire for sameness, restricted interests, and compulsions, were more frequent among the older than the younger children (Bishop et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recent empirical work has suggested that there is considerable structure within the RRB domain, with as many as five different types of repetitive behavior (Lam and Aman 2007). Previous research has suggested that certain domains of repetitive behavior are associated with the presence of intellectual disability (ID), such as motor stereotypies, and others are associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning, such as repetitive speech (Bishop et al 2006;Militerni et al 2002). Other forms of RRB (such as insistence on sameness or the need for routines) have not been shown to be related to level of intellectual functioning (Militerni et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Differences in Restricted Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Esbensen

Seltzer

Lam

et al. 2008

J Autism Dev Disord

305

187

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Restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) were examined in a large group of children, adolescents and adults with ASD in order to describe age-related patterns of symptom change and association with specific contextual factors, and to examine if the patterns of change are different for the various types of RRBs. Over 700 individuals with ASD were rated on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. RRBs were less frequent and less severe among older than younger individuals, corroborating that autism symptoms abate with age. Our findings further suggest that repetitive behaviors are a heterogeneous group of behaviors, with the subtypes of RRBs having their own individual patterns across the lifespan, and in some cases, a differential association with age depending on intellectual functioning.

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Abstract: Certain "repetitive" activities may not represent core features of autistic disorder and may be equivalent to normal motor and cognitive behaviors, as seen during typical development.

Cited by 194 publications

References 36 publications

Observational Characterization of Sensory Interests, Repetitions, and Seeking Behaviors

Observational Characterization of Sensory Interests, Repetitions, and Seeking Behaviors

Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors as Predictors of Outcome in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Age-Related Differences in Restricted Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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