Pyelorenal Backflow in Rabbits following Clamping of the Renal Vein and Artery

Abstract

Retrograde pyelography was carried out in rabbits during and following temporary clamping of either the renal artery and vein together or the main renal vein alone. Pyelosinous backflow was observed in all kidneys and pyelovenous backflow in 16 of the 18 kidneys, occurring at intrapelvic pressures between 50 and 100 mmHg. During simultaneous complete renal artery and vein occlusion intrarenal backflow occurred in all 3 kidneys examined while it was observed in 3 of 6 kidneys when the pyelography was performed 5 min after removal of the clamp. During complete renal vein occlusion filling with contrast medium of the central intrarenal veins occurred in all 3 kidneys but only in 3 of 6 kidneys examined after the clamp had been removed. Microscopically, pyelosinous backflow was explained by vital tears in the fornix of the pelvic cavity. Tears extending into the kidney parenchyma were only observed in kidneys with intrarenal backflow at pyelography.

A cut‐off value for the operation time and other risk factors in terms of the infection risk for flexible ureterorenoscopy

“…According to the Jung's et al study, with the use of forced irrigation during ureteroscopy, intrarenal pressure increases above 300 mmHg 14 . And it was established that according to the results obtained from some animal and human studies, when intrarenal pressure rises above 30 mmHg, some defence mechanisms which depend on the intrarenal pressure including pyelo‐tubular, pyelo‐venous, pyelo‐sineous and pyelo‐lymphatic backflow come into play 15‐18 . These mechanisms have the potential to decrease kidney function as well as they may be related to infectious and hemorrhagic process 14 .…”

“…14 And it was established that according to the results obtained from some animal and human studies, when intrarenal pressure rises above 30 mmHg, some defence mechanisms which depend on the intrarenal pressure including pyelo-tubular, pyelo-venous, pyelo-sineous and pyelo-lymphatic backflow come into play. [15][16][17][18] These mechanisms have the potential to decrease kidney function as well as they may be related to infectious and hemorrhagic process. 14 According to our results, the OT is related to the infectious process.…”

A Cut-Off Value for the Operation Time and the Other Risk Factors in Terms of the Infection Risk for Furs

“…According to the Jung's et al study, with the use of forced irrigation during ureteroscopy, intrarenal pressure increases above 300 mmHg 13 . And it was established that according to the results obtained from some animal and human studies, when intrarenal pressure rises above 30 mmHg, some defense mechanisms which depend on the intrarenal pressure including pyelo-tubular, pyelo-venous, pyelo-sineous and pyelo-lymphatic backflow come into play [14][15][16][17] . These mechanisms have the potential to decrease kidney function as well as they may be related to infectious and hemorrhagic process 13 .…”

Irrigation with isoproterenol diminishes increases in pelvic pressure without side-effects during ureterorenoscopy: A randomized controlled study in a porcine model

“…The potential consequences of high pressures in the upper urinary tract have previously been studied [2,3,6]. A high constant intrarenal pressure increases the severity of intrarenal backflow and may result in infectious complications and damage to the kidney parenchyma [1,5,6,8]. Immediate postoperative complications, including sepsis, have been identified in 13.3% of patients undergoing ureteroscopy [16Á18].…”