PWR primary flow measurements by correlation analysis of nitrogen 16 fluctuations

Bouchet, J.; Bruyere, M.; Bernard, P.; Meur, R. Le; Papin, B.; Brillon, A.; Favennec, Jean-Melaine; Coz, J.J. Le; Puyal, C.

doi:10.1016/0149-1970(82)90029-4

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The signal, amplified by first unit to a level at which the noise of subsequent amplifier practically does not affect, is transmitted to second unit via a matched cable. Particular attention should be paid to obtaining a minimum of noise in the preamplifier [5][6][7].…”

Section: Figura 1 -Expansion Of Power Line Due To Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Detector Simulation for Radiation Monitoring Systems

et al. 2020

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In the work, a model of primary transducer - gamma radiation sensor has been created. It is based on the following properties of a semiconductor crystal: maximum quantum efficiency; maximum mobility of charge carriers; minimum density of structural defects; maximum values of resistivity and density. The combination of these properties provides significant sensor sensitivity with a minimum crystal size. The inconsistency of this combination must be eliminated both in the process of crystal fabrication (for example, a high-resistance crystal is obtained by the simultaneous use of purification, components, and compensating doping) and subsequent processing by the methods proposed in this work (thermal field method, ionization annealing). To register small signals, it is necessary to have minimal loss currents at sufficiently high voltages applied to the sensor. This means that the semiconductor material must be highly resistive. Among the known materials for gamma radiation sensors, single crystals of CdxZn1-xTe solid solutions have an optimal combination of the properties listed above and the possibilities of their production. The creation of a model gamma-radiation detector as a single system of primary and secondary converters is considered. It contains physical analysis and analytical presentation of processes occurring in CdZnTe-sensor and electronic preamplifier. It is shown that the charge collection in the sensor differs in time, which leads to a spread of signal pulses in duration and amplitude. In this regard, the model shows need to use a charge-sensitive preamplifier.

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Section: Figura 1 -Expansion Of Power Line Due To Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Detector Simulation for Radiation Monitoring Systems

et al. 2020

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“…This statement is practically true for all types of sensors, since the current pulse iД, as well as its duration are determined by internal processes and do not depend on Н R in a wide range of values used in practice [5,6]. Therefore, for a formal analysis of the formation and transmission of the output signal, the sensor can be represented as an equivalent circuit of a current generator iД (Fig.…”

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confidence: 94%

Model of Physical Processes in Primary and Secondary Converters of the Detector

et al. 2021

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The level of development and application of radiation technologies is largely determined by the state of nuclear instrumentation. The advent of modern semiconductor sensors for the first time linked nuclear instrumentation and electronics into a single complex - semiconductor detector. It combines semiconductor primary converter of ionizing radiation (sensor), a secondary converter of information from the sensor (electronics) and software for processing this information, interconnected in terms of the problem being solved and parameters. The structural diagram of detector consists of two main parts: a primary converter of ionizing radiation (IR) energy into an electrical signal - a sensor; secondary converter of this electrical signal. The characteristics of detector are mainly determined by the physical properties of the semiconductor crystal as a sensitive element of the primary converter, as well as by the features of the process of recording an electrical signal. The process of registering an IR consists in converting a non-electrical quantity characterizing it into an electrical signal. In other words, this converts one type of energy - the energy of IR - into another, more convenient for processing and accumulating information. A current or voltage pulse arises in the radiation sensor directly as a result of ionization of its active medium - a semiconductor; this pulse carries extensive information. First of all, it is correlated with the moment of time of the nuclear process. In addition, the pulse marks the fact that radiation is emitted within the solid angle at which the sensor is visible from the source. Pulse amplitude is often a measure of the energy loss of radiation in the sensor. The pulse shape is different for different types of radiation, as well as for different areas and angles of radiation hitting the sensor. In this work, a model of a gamma radiation detector has been created as a single system of primary and secondary converters. It contains physical analysis and analytical presentation of the processes occurring in the CdZnTe-sensor and electronic preamplifier. It is shown that the charge collection in the sensor differs in time, which leads to a spread of signal pulses in duration and amplitude. In this regard, model shows the need to use a charge-sensitive preamplifier. The main advantage of the model is solution to problem of optimizing signal-to-noise ratio in detector.

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“…Currently, dosimetry devices with semiconductor Si-based detection units are mass-produced [1][2][3][4][5]. Advantages of CdZnTe over Si  higher sensitivity and lower energy equivalent of noise [6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Research Processes of Gamma Radiation Detector for Developing a Portable Digital Spectrometer

et al. 2020

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When considering methods of combating the illicit circulation of nuclear materials, it is necessary to detect trace amounts of materials, and in many cases not to seize them immediately, but to establish the place of storage, processing, routes of movement, etc. As a result, there is a new demand for isotope identification measurements to meet a wide range of different requirements. Measurements should be carried out in the field in a short time, when results need to be obtained within tens of seconds. The devices with which the personnel work should be small and low-background. Such requirements appear when working to identify cases of illegal trade in nuclear materials and radioactive sources, as well as when solving radiation protection problems and when handling radioactive devices and waste. In this work, new generation radiation sensors and measuring systems based on them have been created, which open up previously unknown possibilities in solving problems of nuclear fuel analysis, increasing the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring technological parameters and the state of protective barriers in nuclear power plants, and creating means for IAEA inspections. For the first time a portable digital gamma-ray spectrometer for radiation reconnaissance in the field was developed and created. Distinctive features of such devices are: The analysis showed that the required value of error due to energy dependence of the sensitivity can be achieved using, for example, Analog Devices 10-bit AD9411 ADCs with a sampling rate of 170 MHz. The number of quantization levels is determined by the requirement to measure the dose rate of gamma radiation with an energy of at least 10 keV. This minimum energy corresponds to the use of 10-bit ADCs. On the basis of the developed model, an ionizing radiation detector for dosimetry was created. Its fundamental difference from known devices is the use of CdZnTe crystals as a primary gamma-ray converter (sensor). The advantages of such a solution, proved by previous studies, made it possible to create a detector with: high resolution, no more than 40 keV; a wider dynamic range of values of the recorded radiation dose rate - from background to emergency operating modes of the reactor; lower value of the energy equivalent of noise.

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PWR primary flow measurements by correlation analysis of nitrogen 16 fluctuations

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Detector Simulation for Radiation Monitoring Systems

Detector Simulation for Radiation Monitoring Systems

Model of Physical Processes in Primary and Secondary Converters of the Detector

Research Processes of Gamma Radiation Detector for Developing a Portable Digital Spectrometer

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