PWR iodine speciation and behaviour under normal primary coolant conditions: An analysis of thermodynamic calculations, sensibility evaluations and NPP feedback

Tigeras, A.; Bachet, Martin; Catalette, H.; Simoni, E.

doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2011.02.002

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The oxidative power of the IO 3 − ion is sufficient at all applied pH values (mostly near neutrality) to oxidize the Ag surface so that AgI can be formed as a photosensitive film [Eq. ]:

true 6 Ag + IO_{3}^{-} + 6 normalH^{+} \to 6 AgI + 3 normalH_{2} normalO

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Photosensitive Daguerreotypes and their Reproduction: Physico‐chemical Elucidation of Innovative Processes in Photography Developed around 1840 in Vienna

Tobisch

Kautek

2019

ChemPlusChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A physico‐chemical elucidation of the first photographic technology that allowed manifold reproduction is presented. An etched daguerreotype manufactured around 1840 in Vienna, preserved by the Technisches Museum Wien, served as a case study. Surface analysis showed that the photographic process involved the formation of colloidal Ag nanoparticles with sizes of 30–120 nm with shell layers consisting of Ag2O, Ag2S, and some AgCl. This breakthrough photographic technique provided a hitherto unachieved high sensitivity because of various halogenide mixtures without the use of Hg. The image development consisted of the reduction of the Ag halides by H2SO3 created by the hydrolysis of S2Cl2 leading to the formation of Ag nanoparticles adjacent to the Ag nuclei of the latent image. The fixing of the image was performed either by KCN or by Na2S2O3. The investigated plate exhibits etched areas with Ag2O conversion layers and no Cl or S. The gum arabic use for etching preferentially wetted the exposed Ag nanoparticle regions so that unexposed areas could be etched by HNO3.

show abstract

“…The oxidative power of the IO 3 − ion is sufficient at all applied pH values (mostly near neutrality) to oxidize the Ag surface so that AgI can be formed as a photosensitive film [Eq. ]:

true 6 Ag + IO_{3}^{-} + 6 normalH^{+} \to 6 AgI + 3 normalH_{2} normalO

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Photosensitive Daguerreotypes and their Reproduction: Physico‐chemical Elucidation of Innovative Processes in Photography Developed around 1840 in Vienna

Tobisch

Kautek

2019

ChemPlusChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The airborne concentration of radioactive mass inside the containment decreases exponentially because of nucleation, chemical interaction, deposition, and so forth. Thus, the leakage of radioactive mass from the reactor pressure vessel is expressed with a negative exponent of time and mixing rate (see (6)). The overall radioactive mass inventory including kinetic and static part is depicted in (7).…”

Section: In-containment Fission Product Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radioactive iodine in both elemental and gaseous forms is one of the most hazardous radionuclides due to its high yield, reactivity, environmental mobility, and potential volatility in chemical and physical forms and its significant biological hazards. Iodine may transform into volatile species and possess a complex chemistry [6]. Some isotopes are also released as particles and going through agglomeration and nucleation process forms aerosols [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Decontamination of Airborne Fission Products during In-Vessel Release Phase by Containment Spray

Mehboob

2018

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The containment spray system (CSS) has a significant role in limiting the risk of radioactive exposure to the environment. In this work, the optimal droplet size and pH value of spray water to prevent the fission product release have been evaluated to improve the performance of the spray system during in-vessel release phase. A semikinetic model has been developed and implemented in MATLAB. The sensitivity and removal rate of airborne isotopes with the spray system have been simulated versus the spray activation and failure time, droplet size, and pH value. The alkaline (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) spray solution and spray water with pH 9.5 have similar scrubbing properties for iodine. However, the removal rate from the CSS has been found to be an approximately inverse square of droplet diameter (1/ 2 ) for Na 2 S 2 O 3 and higher pH of spray water. The numerical results showed that 450 m-850 m droplet with 9.5 pH and higher or the alkaline (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) solution with 0.2 m 3 /s-0.35 m 3 /s flow rate is optimal for effective scrubbing of in-containment fission products. The proposed model has been validated with TOSQAN experimental data.

show abstract

“…These isotopes release in the particulate form, and going through agglomeration and nucleation process, they form aerosols [6]. However, iodine may transform into volatile species and possess a complex chemistry [7]. The common organic form of iodine is available in chemical forms as CH 3 I, CsI and HI [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Fission Product Behavior Inside the Reactor Containment Building Using MATLAB

Mehboob¹,

Aljohani²

2018

Numerical Simulations in Engineering and Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this work is to carry out the numerical simulation of fission product (FP) behavior inside the reactor building under loss of coolant accident (LOCA) using MATLAB. For this purpose, a kinetic model has been developed and implemented in MATLAB to study the behavior of in-containment FPs during postulated LOCA for typical 1000 MW pressurized water reactor (PWR). A continuous release of the FPs from the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) has been implemented with coolant retention. The in-containment FP behavior is influenced by containment atmosphere and containment safety systems. The sensitivity analysis and removal rate of airborne isotopes with the containment spray system have been studied for various spray activation time, spray failure time, droplet size and spray pH value. The droplet size and pH value of the spray system effectively remove the airborne isotopes. The alkaline (sodium thiosulfate, Na 2 S 2 O 3) spray solution and spray with pH 9.5 have similar scrubbing properties for iodine. However, the removal rate from the containment spray system has been found an approximately inverse square of droplet diameter (1/d 2).

show abstract

PWR iodine speciation and behaviour under normal primary coolant conditions: An analysis of thermodynamic calculations, sensibility evaluations and NPP feedback

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Highly Photosensitive Daguerreotypes and their Reproduction: Physico‐chemical Elucidation of Innovative Processes in Photography Developed around 1840 in Vienna

Highly Photosensitive Daguerreotypes and their Reproduction: Physico‐chemical Elucidation of Innovative Processes in Photography Developed around 1840 in Vienna

Numerical Simulation of Decontamination of Airborne Fission Products during In-Vessel Release Phase by Containment Spray

Numerical Simulation of Fission Product Behavior Inside the Reactor Containment Building Using MATLAB

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About