of lithium metal anode, [22][23][24] optimizing electrolyte, [25][26][27][28] and decorating the current collector, [29][30][31][32][33] and so on. However, the study on the modifying separator in LMBs is rare. [34,35] As an important component of batteries, the separators are able to remain stable in the air. [35] Therefore, modifying the separator is a relatively cheap and conventional way in favor of mass production. [36] In our previous report, [35] a lithiated SiO microparticles and polyacrylic acid were coated on the polyethylene separators. The batteries with the modified separators not only have the suppression of dendrite, but also have superior electrochemical performance.The main principle of designing separators is that the modified separator has the effect of suppression of lithium dendrite without sacrificing the normal function. In the previous report, [37] bismuth (Bi) can alloy with lithium to reduce the deposition overpotential and reduce the dendrite growth. Moreover, Bi as anode material has attracted great attention in aqueous energy storage, LIBs and sodium-ion batteries with low-cost, high volumetric capacity density, and safety. [38,39] To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on Bi for separator modifying.In this work, a low cost, high efficiency, and scalable dealloying method was developed to synthesize nano-sized Bi by chemical etching the Al 90 Bi 10 alloy. The synthesized nano-sized Bi was used as the modifying material of the polyethylene (PE) separator for the lithium metal batteries and the anode materials for the potassium ion batteries (KIBs). For LMBs, the Bi-modified PE separator had the good wettability of electrolyte and the effect of suppression of lithium dendrite by the experiment and the first-principle calculations. On the contrary, the nano-sized Bi showed a good electrochemical performance for KIBs.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under