PVC plasticizers/additives migrating from the gaskets of metal closures into oily food: Swiss market survey June 2005

Fankhauser-Noti, Anja; Biedermann-Brem, Sandra; Grob, Koni

doi:10.1007/s00217-005-0223-7

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In order to optimize the properties of packaging materials (i.e., durability, elasticity, color), a variety of additives, such as stabilizers, antioxidants, coupling agents, and pigments, is used in the formulation. Especially additives from plastics (so-called plasticizers) are known to leach out of the packaging and consequently accumulate in the foodstuff (Biles et al 1998;Casajuana and Lacorte 2003;Fankhauser-Noti et al 2006;Mcneal et al 2000;Zygoura et al 2005). Given the fact that some of these compounds are known EDCs (i.e., bisphenol A, vom Saal and Hughes 2005), we hypothesize that the migration of substances from packaging material into foodstuff may contribute to human exposure with xenohormones.…”

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confidence: 98%

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Wagner

Oehlmann

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

289

178

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Background, aim, and scope Food consumption is an important route of human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. So far, this has been demonstrated by exposure modeling or analytical identification of single substances in foodstuff (e.g., phthalates) and human body fluids (e.g., urine and blood). Since the research in this field is focused on few chemicals (and thus missing mixture effects), the overall contamination of edibles with xenohormones is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the integrated estrogenic burden of bottled mineral water as model foodstuff and to characterize the potential sources of the estrogenic contamination. Materials, methods, and results In the present study, we analyzed commercially available mineral water in an in vitro system with the human estrogen receptor alpha and detected estrogenic contamination in 60% of all samples with a maximum activity equivalent to 75.2 ng/l of the natural sex hormone 17β-estradiol. Furthermore, breeding of the molluskan model Potamopyrgus antipodarum in water bottles made of glass and plastic [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] resulted in an increased reproductive output of snails cultured in PET bottles. This provides first evidence that substances leaching from plastic food packaging materials act as functional estrogens in vivo.Discussion and conclusions Our results demonstrate a widespread contamination of mineral water with xenoestrogens that partly originates from compounds leaching from the plastic packaging material. These substances possess potent estrogenic activity in vivo in a molluskan sentinel. Overall, the results indicate that a broader range of foodstuff may be contaminated with endocrine disruptors when packed in plastics.

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confidence: 98%

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Wagner

Oehlmann

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

289

178

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“…The method was applied to the analysis of many hundreds of oily products packed in glass jars [8]. These jars were closed with metal lids sealing with a gasket consisting of PVC plasticized with a variety of compounds [12].…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injector-internal thermal desorption was used for the analysis of plasticizers migrating from PVC gaskets of screw caps into oily food packed in glass jars [7,8]. Components of a molecular mass up to diundecyl phthalate could be analyzed in this way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injector‐internal thermal desorption from edible oils performed by programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injection

Fankhauser-Noti¹,

Grob²

2006

J of Separation Science

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Injector-internal thermal desorption is a promising technique for the analysis of a wide range of food components (e.g., flavors) or food contaminants (e.g., solvent residues, pesticides, or migrants from packaging materials) in edible oils and fats or fatty food extracts. Separation from the fatty matrix occurs during injection. Using programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injection, the oily sample or sample extract was deposited on a small pack of glass wool from which the components of interest were evaporated and transferred into the column in splitless mode, leaving behind the bulk of the matrix. Towards the end of the analysis, the oil was removed by heating out the injector and backflushing the precolumn. The optimization dealt with the gas supply configuration enabling backflush, the injector temperature program (sample deposition, desorption, and heating out), separation of the sample liquid from the syringe needle and positioning it on a support, deactivation of the support surface, holding the plug of fused silica wool by a steel wire, and the analytical sequence maintaining adsorptivity at the desorption site low. It was performed for a mixture of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticizers in oil or fatty food. Using MS in SIM, the detection limit was below 0.1 mg/kg for plasticizers forming single peaks and 1 mg/kg for mixtures like diisodecyl phthalate. For plasticizers, RSDs of the concentrations were below 10%; for the slip agents, oleamide and erucamide, it was 12%. The method of incorporating PTV injection was used for about one year for determining the migration from the gaskets of lids for glass jars into oily foods.

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“…In order to improve the consumer's health protection and safety, the relevant authorities have developed specific regulations regarding the use of phthalates as PVC plasticizers [12,13] Alternative plasticizers have been developed in order make more flexible the polyvinyl chloride. These plasticizers are characterized by low environmental impact, low migration and low toxicity in applications sensitive to this phenomenon, such as use in childcare items [16,17]. Plasticizers from natural products are a very interesting alternative as a replacement of phthalates traditionally used in the plastics industry.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These plasticizers are characterized by low environmental impact, low migration and low toxicity in applications sensitive to this phenomenon, such as use in childcare items [16,17]. Plasticizers from natural products are a very interesting alternative as a replacement of phthalates traditionally used in the plastics industry.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized with Natural Fatty Acid Esters

Fenollar¹,

Sànchez-Nácher²,

Boronat³

et al. 2013

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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From an industrial point of view, the use of new nontoxic and biodegradable plasticizers coming from natural resources is an interesting alternative to traditional plasticizers based on phthalates. In this study, two types of epoxidized fatty acids esters (EFAE) with different molecular weight have been used in order to produce flexible PVC with low toxicity. Different amounts of EFAE 201 and 401 have been considered in this study. Mechanical and thermal properties have been determined and morphology of fracture surface has been studied by scanning electron microscopy.Keywords: polyvinyl chloride; natural plasticizer; mechanical properties; thermal properties, 3 1.-IntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the environmental policies in the polymeric materials sector. This awareness has been presented by consumers, manufacturers and even legislators [1]. This has motivated important lines of work in the development and applications of polymeric materials which are environmentally friendly, low toxicity and easily recyclable [2]. Within this research field, a marked interest has been showed in the improving of the formulations of one of the most widely consumed thermoplastics worldwide as the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), more specifically, the flexible polyvinyl chloride [3,4]. The use of this thermoplastic is especially sensitive to environmental impact and toxicity problems, since it is widely used in sectors such as plastic toys, childcare, food, packaging, medicalpharmacological... It has to be considered that PVC is obtained from the addition of plasticizers to the vinyl polymer. Some additives and specially plasticizers normally suffer a migration phenomenon to the substances or elements that are in contact [5][6][7][8].So, the contact substances can suffer contamination, and in the worst cases, there is a risk of toxicity and there are health risks to the final consumer [9]. PVC traditional plasticizers based in phthalates are traditionally widely used by the plastic industry. Currently its use is being challenged due to the migration phenomenon, which results in toxicity problems [10,11]. In order to improve the consumer's health protection and safety, the relevant authorities have developed specific regulations regarding the use of phthalates as PVC plasticizers [12,13] Alternative plasticizers have been developed in order make more flexible the polyvinyl chloride. These plasticizers are characterized by low environmental impact, low migration and low toxicity in applications sensitive to this phenomenon, such as use in childcare items [16,17]. Plasticizers from natural products are a very interesting alternative as a replacement of phthalates traditionally used in the plastics industry.Interesting research works have been developed successfully for the applicability in the industry of plastic processing [18,19]. These investigations use citrates, benzoates and carboxylates as alternative plasticizers since they have very similar behavior to PVC flexible with phthalates [2...

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PVC plasticizers/additives migrating from the gaskets of metal closures into oily food: Swiss market survey June 2005

Cited by 66 publications

References 8 publications

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Injector‐internal thermal desorption from edible oils performed by programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injection

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized with Natural Fatty Acid Esters

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