PV Waste Management at the Crossroads of Circular Economy and Energy Transition: The Case of South Korea

Kim, Hana; Park, Hun

doi:10.3390/su10103565

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The costliest are the monocrystalline solar panels. A large amount of the original silicone ends up in these panels as a waste product" [15].…”

Section: Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Attainment of Solar E-waste Recycling Concerning to COVID-19 Crisis: A Review

Jariwala¹,

Soni²

2021

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Societies

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Solar energy is looked at as a critical component to fight against increased climate change. It is seen as the green solution for the increased demand in energy, but the problems that will occur after 20-30 years when these solar panels have to be disposed of are seldom considered. Due to increased growth in the development and utilization of solar energy resources, the disposal of waste solar panels has become problematic. Photovoltaic systems are in the lead because they are cost-effective, and it has increased efficiency. All these systems are expected to produce much e-waste by the end of their life cycle. Currently, the research is focused on how to increase the efficiency of solar panels rather than focusing on the disassembling and recycling of the panels. By recycling silicon-based solar panels, valuable metals within the panels can be recovered instead of lost to the landfill. Proper disposal of many compounds is not yet discovered; hence they are landfilled without any treatment, which causes harm to the environment. The environmental policies constrict market projections for Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Photovoltaic (PV) because Cadmium has Carcinogenic properties. This paper aims to review the present and upcoming or subsequent recycling technologies for solar panels and produce a recycling technology that is most sustainable and likely to be acquired in the coming years. Although these technologies require advanced techniques and enhanced improvement before execution, when all these progressive technologies are combined, they will provide better recycling options for the generated solar e-waste.

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“…The costliest are the monocrystalline solar panels. A large amount of the original silicone ends up in these panels as a waste product" [15].…”

Section: Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Attainment of Solar E-waste Recycling Concerning to COVID-19 Crisis: A Review

Jariwala¹,

Soni²

2021

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Green Societies

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“…Equation 5represents the fitness value to improve the system performance at each iteration by using (2) and constraints (3) and (4). The constraint coefficient (ωc) is set to a very large value (close to infinity) to determine the parameters within the ranges that satisfy the constraints.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Volt–Var Curve Setting of a Smart Inverter for Improving Its Performance in a Distribution System

2020

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We propose an algorithm to set the parameters of volt-var curves to improve the performance of distributed generation. Specifically, we optimally set the volt-var curves of the smart inverter for proper control of the distributed generation output. To improve the overall distribution system performance, we consider the minimization of voltage deviation, system loss, and peak of reactive power in an objective function, thereby providing optimal volt-var curve parameters. The proposed algorithm overcomes various limitations of existing studies. First, we use distribution system factors in a multiobjective optimization function to adjust volt-var curve parameters that deviate from the default settings. Second, we consider the service transformers that affect the system voltage according to the photovoltaic generation output in the test model during optimization. Third, we analyze the system improvement according to the number of parameters to be optimized. Fourth, we analyze the implementation of the optimized volt-var curve according to the practical periods when the smart inverter settings can be updated. Fifth, we evaluate different suitable voltvar curves for multiple photovoltaic generators grouped using clustering. Using the proposed algorithm, the distribution system operator can set the optimal volt-var curve according to the system conditions and requirements. We conducted simulations of the proposed method using OpenDSS, a quasistatic time-series simulation, on a test model reflecting the characteristics of a South Korean distribution system. The simulation results confirm that the overall system performance increases when the optimal volt-var curve settings obtained from the proposed algorithm are used. INDEX TERMS Distribution system, parameter optimization, smart inverter, volt-var curve. NOMENCLATURE i Bus index t Time (h) (year: 8760 h; spring: 2208 h; summer: 2208 h, fall: 2184 h; winter: 2160 h) vvnew Parameter (gene) for newly updated volt-var curve (Vvv2, Vvv3, Qvv1, Qvv4) vvcon Conventional volt-var curve parameter in Fig. 5 Pt(vv) System loss at time t according to volt-var curve parameter Vref Reference voltage, 22.9 kV, 1.00 pu ω Weight for system factor (voltage deviation, system loss, peak of reactive power) Vi,t Voltage of bus i at time t according volt-var curve parameter δVi,t(vv) − , () , voltage deviation index of bus i at time t Qi(vv) Reactive power output at smart inverter of bus i according to volt-var curve parameter Nconst Constraint condition ωc Penalty coefficient PFc Constraint weight E Disjoint subset of input pattern l Clusters index k Number of clusters Si Set of points belonging to cluster i µi Center of cluster i O• Objective function I. INTRODUCTION

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“…Recently, Wade et al presented a comprehensive decision tree (Figure ) depicting the different options for EoL management of decommissioned PV systems. A significant number of scientific studies and public reports, as well as research projects and collaborative platforms have attempted over the last years to shed light on these different EoL paths and processes, with a major focus on PV recycling technologies, high‐value material recovery, downstream EoL management models (collection‐transportation‐recycling) and life cycle analyses. So far, insights from the reported literature have been rather fragmented and somewhat one‐sided, largely focusing on PV recycling processes and relevant innovation efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a circular supply chain for PV modules: Review of today's challenges in PV recycling, refurbishment and re‐certification

Tsanakas

Heide

Radavičius

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

107

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Photovoltaic (PV) waste, associated to the exponentially growing PV installations on global scale, presents today an emerging environmental challenge but also brings unprecedented and multifold value creation opportunities. In this context, significant PV business and research and development (R&D) efforts shift towards establishing a more sustainable, environmentally friendly and economically viable end-of-life (EoL) management for PV modules: including recycling, recovery of raw materials, repair/refurbishment and even re-use of decommissioned or failed PV modules. In the CIRCUSOL project, PV partners aspire to formalize the repair/refurbish and reuse value chains in the PV industry and propose a circular business model, based on a product-service system (PSS). Towards these goals, this review study introduces the relevant research groundwork, a status overview and today's R&D and business challenges in PV recycling, repair/refurbishment and re-certification aspects for second-life PV modules. The topics and the relevant reported literature are examined from both circular economy and technology perspective. The review indicates a considerable technological and operational know-how in PV EoL management that already exists and continuously evolves in mature PV markets. On the other hand, R&D in repair/refurbishment of decommissioned and/or failed PV modules remains scarce, and best practices and commercial services for reliability testing/recertification and trading of second-life PV modules are neither standardized nor consolidated into any PSS or business model.

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PV Waste Management at the Crossroads of Circular Economy and Energy Transition: The Case of South Korea

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Sustainable Attainment of Solar E-waste Recycling Concerning to COVID-19 Crisis: A Review

Sustainable Attainment of Solar E-waste Recycling Concerning to COVID-19 Crisis: A Review

Optimal Volt–Var Curve Setting of a Smart Inverter for Improving Its Performance in a Distribution System

Towards a circular supply chain for PV modules: Review of today's challenges in PV recycling, refurbishment and re‐certification

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