PV-Powered CoMP-Based Green Cellular Networks with a Standby Grid Supply

Jahid, Abu; Shams, Abdullah Bin; Hossain, Md. Farhad

doi:10.1155/2017/6189468

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Combined utilization of different green energy sources along with the conventional grid supply has been extensively studied for achieving long term sustainable, and energyefficient cellular networks [46]- [49]. Authors in [46]- [48] introduce both renewable energy and utility grid-supplied modern cellular networks adopting the different types of coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission techniques such as dynamic point selection and joint transmission. In these papers, the key challenges of utilizing the maximum amount of renewable energy reducing the grid energy consumption are critically analyzed considering the dynamic traffic pattern.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Hossain¹,

Jahid

Islam

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Due to the technological revolution and higher user data demand, the telecommunication industry is expanding at an exponential rate. Fulfilling the increasing demand of energy for the rising cellular networks has become a great challenge to the network operators because of the limited reservation of fuel energy sources and the growing concern about global warming. Energy harvesting (EH) from renewable energy sources (RES) has become an overwhelming initiative to minimize energy deficiency and carbon footprints. This paper investigates the feasibility of solar photovoltaic (PV) and biomass resources based hybrid supply systems for powering the off-grid Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular macrocell base stations (BSs) in Bangladesh focusing the technical, economic and environmental issues. In addition, the green energy sharing technique has been incorporated via a low resistive path for optimal use of RES. The proposed system has enough potential to achieve long term sustainability and reduction of pollution rates by fulfilling the future energy demand of BS. In this work, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) simulation-based feasibility analysis is used to assess the optimal system, energy production, total net present cost (NPC), cost of electricity (COE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission depending on different system parameters. Furthermore, the performance of the network has been evaluated in terms of throughput and energy efficiency using Matlab-based Monte Carlo simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid renewable energy powered BSs would be a reliable and longer-lasting green solution for the telecom sector while maintaining the quality of service (QoS). Finally, an extensive comparison with other systems has also been done to justify network validity. INDEX TERMS Biomass energy, energy efficiency, energy sharing, hybrid power supply, LTE, renewableenergy-powered BSs, solar energy, sustainability. I. INTRODUCTION With the remarkable increase in the number of mobile subscribers and high-speed data demand, cellular network operators are deploying a higher number of base stations throughout the world. According to the Ericsson survey, the number of the global mobile subscriber up to the first quarter of 2019 was around 7.9 billion, with 44 million new subscribers added during this quarter, wherein LTE subscribers are 3.7 billion [1]. Currently, Bangladesh has 88 million unique subscribers and it is expected that at the The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Giovanni Pau. end of 2025, this value will be 107 million [2]. Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) mentiones that at present, the number of universal BSs is above 4 million and it is nearly double from 2007 to 2012 [3]. Base stations are the premier energy consumer of mobile networks which receive 57% of the total consumed energy [4], [5]. Over the last decades, the exponential evolution of information and communication technology (ICT) has...

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Hossain¹,

Jahid

Islam

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…The high CAPEX of PV array is compensated by the low capital cost of the DG system, while the high operation & maintenance (OMC) cost of DG is counterbalanced by the low OMC of the PV system. The DG electricity production in a given rated power output (P DG ) is expressed as follows [39], [40]…”

Section: Diesel Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where η DG is the generator efficiency and t eff is the effective running hours. Additionally, the diesel consumption (F c ) in liter depends on the specific fuel consumption, F s (kWh) which is calculated as follows [40]…”

Section: Diesel Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-Economic and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Optimal Power Supply Solutions for Green Cellular Base Stations

Jahid

Hossain²,

Monju

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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The widespread proliferation of internet access, affordable wireless gadgets, the user data demand and the corresponding extended cellular networks entailing significant energy consumption and carbon footprints. With the added benefits of renewable energy harvesting (REH) technology, telecom base stations (BSs) are predominantly supplied by green power sources to reduce operational expenditure (OPEX) and atmospheric pollution with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). Accordingly, this paper examines the plausibility of optimal power supply solutions such as standalone solar photovoltaic (PV), hybrid PV/wind turbine (PV/WT), hybrid PV/diesel generator (DG) and hybrid PV/electric grid (PV/EG) to feed the Long Term Evolution (LTE) BSs pertaining to technical, economic and environmental aspects in Bangladesh. An extensive Monte-Carlo based simulations are performed to evaluate wireless network performance in terms of throughput, energy efficiency (EE), energy efficiency gain (EE gain), average energy savings, radio efficiency varying system bandwidth (B) and BS transmission power (P TX) considering the dynamic behavior of traffic intensity and renewable energy (RE) generation profile. By leveraging the cell zooming technique and a green traffic steering framework endeavors to minimize the net present cost and maximize the average energy savings as well. The simulation results reveal that the cell zooming technique attained energy savings yielding up to 36% and improvement of EE gain achieved about 23% with effective modeling of REH. Subsequently, a comprehensive comparison of the aforementioned schemes is pledged for further validation. INDEX TERMS Green cellular networks, renewable energy harvesting, hybrid energy, energy efficiency, cell zooming, eco-sustainability, LTE.

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“…Researchers have also done analysis on energy efficiency of CoMP based green communication [7] [8] [9]. But the authors did not consider the effect of small cell, heterogeneous network, scheduler performances and MIMO schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the LTE Performance Parameters in Different Environments under Close Loop Spatial Multiplexing (CLSM) Mode in Downlink LTE-A

Abied¹,

Shams²,

Kawser³

2017

JCC

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LTE-A present deployment strategies are likely to overcome the User Equipment (UE) performance degradation, in certain parts of the topology incorporated with coverage block holes, due to the presence of high rise buildings. It also promises to serve the increase of high user density, which otherwise results in capacity exhaustion of the macro cells. LTE-A addresses these challenges with new features such as small cell and femto cell in its recent releases. Small cell is a low-cost alternative to macro cell in rural and hard-to-reach areas and its installation at strategic points overcomes the capacity and coverage problem. In contrast, Heterogeneous network with its ubiquitous coverage can deliver high-speed data. In this paper, several LTE Key performance indicators e.g. average UE throughput, average area throughput, spectral efficiency, fairness index are analyzed between small cell network and Heterogeneous network in close loop spatial multiplexing mode (CLSM). Besides, we also emphasize on the point to find out the best suited network architecture for overpopulated and densely urban region under proportional fair scheduling algorithm.

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PV-Powered CoMP-Based Green Cellular Networks with a Standby Grid Supply

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Techno-Economic and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Optimal Power Supply Solutions for Green Cellular Base Stations

Comparison of the LTE Performance Parameters in Different Environments under Close Loop Spatial Multiplexing (CLSM) Mode in Downlink LTE-A

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