“…where P ij,t loss is the power loss of the branch from bus i to bus j at time t, 𝑉 𝑖,𝑡 is the voltage magnitude of bus 𝑖, 𝑉 𝑛 is the reference value and is set as 1.0 p.u.. With eq. (6.1)-(6.2), a multi-objective VVC optimization model is formulated as below [93]: , ,…”