“…To establish the practicability of smart window concept, Sabry et al 81 analysed the advantages of truncating asymmetric CPCs for façade integrated PV systems. They used a transparent acrylic CPC (3.2×) having the solar cell inclined at the latitude of the location.…”
Section: Truncation and Solar Radiation Collectionmentioning
Summary
The use of concentrating systems has been proposed as a way to reduce the cost of electrical energy from photovoltaic (PV) module. Since 1970s, different solar collector designs have been used to increase energy flux on the PV module. This study aims at providing a comprehensive review of development in the application of compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) to solar photovoltaic conversion for the past five decades. By narrowing down the application of CPCs to electrical energy only gives a reader an opportunity to clearly understand the detail development stages, challenges, and research opportunities for further improvement. From this review, it has been found that during 1970s, all studies on the application of CPCs to solar photovoltaic conversion were mainly focused on establishing technical feasibility and cost effectiveness. Thereafter (1981‐May 2018), extensive studies were carried out to resolve challenges that were observed during the establishment stage. However, it has been found that even though the power output of the PV modules with the CPC was always higher than similar modules without the CPC, the values were less than the expected (theoretical) results. This was due to optical losses, series resistance losses, non‐uniform illumination effect, and high operating cell temperature effect. In addition, high cost of the PV‐CPC systems and low concentration ratio of the CPCs were also the main concerns of various researchers.
“…To establish the practicability of smart window concept, Sabry et al 81 analysed the advantages of truncating asymmetric CPCs for façade integrated PV systems. They used a transparent acrylic CPC (3.2×) having the solar cell inclined at the latitude of the location.…”
Section: Truncation and Solar Radiation Collectionmentioning
Summary
The use of concentrating systems has been proposed as a way to reduce the cost of electrical energy from photovoltaic (PV) module. Since 1970s, different solar collector designs have been used to increase energy flux on the PV module. This study aims at providing a comprehensive review of development in the application of compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) to solar photovoltaic conversion for the past five decades. By narrowing down the application of CPCs to electrical energy only gives a reader an opportunity to clearly understand the detail development stages, challenges, and research opportunities for further improvement. From this review, it has been found that during 1970s, all studies on the application of CPCs to solar photovoltaic conversion were mainly focused on establishing technical feasibility and cost effectiveness. Thereafter (1981‐May 2018), extensive studies were carried out to resolve challenges that were observed during the establishment stage. However, it has been found that even though the power output of the PV modules with the CPC was always higher than similar modules without the CPC, the values were less than the expected (theoretical) results. This was due to optical losses, series resistance losses, non‐uniform illumination effect, and high operating cell temperature effect. In addition, high cost of the PV‐CPC systems and low concentration ratio of the CPCs were also the main concerns of various researchers.
“…Building Integrated with Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) system is a new approach to face the energy demand challenge, and it has great potential to produce constant low costs energy to users. In the design stage of BICPV, demanding of low price production become very important, since using lower A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 costs to produce same amount of energy makes BICPV is more competitive than standard flat panel technology (Daniel Chemisana,2011;M. Sabry et al, 2013).…”
The primary lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator (lens-walled CPC) has a significant advantage of a larger half acceptance angle as a static solar concentrator, but it also has a drawback of a low optical efficiency. In order to overcome this drawback, in this paper, series of structure parameters were investigated and compared to further improve the optical efficiency within the half acceptance angle combined with the material properties. The average optical efficiencies of the improved lens-walled CPCs could achieve more than 82% within the half acceptance angle of 35 o . Experiments were adopted to verify the credibility and validity of the simulation. Moreover, annual performance of the lens-walled CPCs comparison with that of the Downloaded by [Library Services City University London] at 23:25 27 March 2016A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 mirror CPC for Nottingham was analyzed. Results show that the improved lens-walled CPC has a higher optical performance for actual building application.
“…In addition to the power supply function, the advantage of BIPV over most common non-integrated systems is that the initial cost can be offset by reducing the amount spent on building materials and labor normally used to construct the part of the building that the BIPV modules replace. These advantages make BIPV one of the fastest growing segments of the photovoltaic industry [5,6,7,8,9,10].…”
An aluminum/High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) functionally graded material (FGM) has been fabricated as an essential component of a multifunctional building envelope for high performance of energy efficiency and sustainability. The mass production of the FGM was realized by using coarse Aluminum (Al) particles and fine HDPE powder through a vibration-sedimentation process. The gradation of the FGM across its thickness direction was analyzed by developing a modified Rice method, from which five different uniform Al-HDPE samples were made to characterize the material properties of the five sub-layers of the FGM. The mechanical and thermal physical properties of the FGM such as Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, thermal expansion coefficients and thermal conductivities were obtained by various experimental characterizations. A prototype FGM panel with water tubes embedded was fabricated by the vibration and sedimentation combined approach and the thermal efficiency of the FGM panel was evaluated. Under an irradiation level of 620 w/m 2 and a water flowing rate of 60ml/min, a 22.3 o C water temperature increase and an average 18.7 o C surface temperature decrease of the FGM panel were achieved, which demonstrates that significant PV conversation efficiency improvement can be realized for both electricity generation and heat collection by the presented FGM panel. The presented fabrication procedures and the associated experimental characterization methods and results can serve as a baseline for quality control of the manufacture of the green energy building envelope materials.
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