PV Installation Design Influencing the Risk of Induced Currents from Nearby Lightning Strikes

Coetzer, Kurt Michael; Wiid, P. G.; Rix, Arnold J.

doi:10.1109/iccep.2019.8890229

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For example, CEM results for the induced currents within a single PV module are compared with those from a high-voltage laboratory in [10]. These CEM results are then extended to a four-module array in [11]. More cases, including examination of the induced voltages, as well as mitigation strategies, are investigated in [12].…”

Section: Background Concept 1: Electromagnetic Compatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, if Equation ( 9) is rearranged such as to make Q(v) the subject of the formula, and then differentiated with respect to time, t, this produces Equation ( 11)-where the current flowing through the capacitor is represented by i [30]. In the case of small-signal perturbations, one can ignore the second term in Equation (11). For the large-signal case, the full equation is required [30].…”

Section: Implementation Of a Voltage-dependent Capacitance In Spicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement-Based Nonlinear SPICE-Compatible Photovoltaic Models for Simulating the Effects of Surges and Electromagnetic Interference within Installations

2022

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An emerging area of interest within photovoltaic (PV) centred research is the simulation of the propagation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and surges within PV installations. An overarching constraint in all simulation-based research is the accuracy of the models employed. In general, for PV-focussed simulations, nonlinear models are utilised for direct current (DC) analyses, whilst linearised models are employed for analyses involving surges or conducted electromagnetic interference. For large-signal electromagnetic interference and surges, the following two problems arise: (1) the aforementioned linearisation is only valid for the small-signal case, and (2) as they are constructed using only DC measurements, traditional large-signal PV models are generally only valid for DC conditions. Therefore, neither of these approaches can properly represent real-world PV behaviour under dynamic conditions. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a more suitable model, compatible with Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE), and which results from the combination of two sub-models: one for large-signal DC cases, and one for small-signal alternating current (AC) cases. Consequently, the combined model enables improved modelling of the effects of large-signal transient perturbations to be performed, as well as cases involving small-signal AC and large-signal DC perturbations. The model parameters are extracted using data from two different classes of measurement setups: the first utilised a vector network analyser (VNA) to produce small-signal AC impedance results (covering a frequency range between 1Hz and 50MHz), and the second produces DC current-voltage curves. Both classes of measurement setup consider the device under test at multiple operating points. Key results include: (1) an improved SPICE-compatible PV model which caters for large-signal transient simulations, as well as for small-signal AC and large-signal DC cases, (2) improvements in the modelling of reverse bias behaviour when compared to the standard SPICE diode implementation, (3) the correct implementation of a voltage-dependent total capacitance (suitable for large-signal simulations), (4) modelling parameters for both a small (10 W) and a large (310 W) PV module, (5) measurement results which de-embedded the parasitic effects of the test setups employed, and (6) above 1 MHz, the physical layouts of the cells within the PV modules begin to influence the observed impedances.

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Section: Background Concept 1: Electromagnetic Compatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implementation Of a Voltage-dependent Capacitance In Spicementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement-Based Nonlinear SPICE-Compatible Photovoltaic Models for Simulating the Effects of Surges and Electromagnetic Interference within Installations

2022

Self Cite

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“…Experimental tests on single PV modules or reduced-scale PV arrays are analyzed in [3,8,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] to show the transient behavior. Overvoltage at the DC side is addressed in [3,4,8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Recently, the degradation of the PV module under impulse voltage was investigated [7,[30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that previous simulation studies focused on single PV modules [15,16,[19][20][21][22] or reduced-scale PV arrays [3,6,15,18,22,23,25,28,29] are mainly based on over-simplified models. They cannot provide a complete and systematic evaluation of the lightning-induced overvoltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They cannot provide a complete and systematic evaluation of the lightning-induced overvoltage. For example, the inductive coupling between the inner wiring structure of the PV module and its metal frame is almost always omitted due to its computational complexity [1,15,16,21,22]. Additionally, the capacitive coupling among metallic parts inside and around the PV module is never considered (see, e.g., [19,[35][36][37]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of PV Module and DC/DC Converter Assembly for the Analysis of Induced Transient Response Due to Nearby Lightning Strike

Formisano

Hernández

Petrarca³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are subject to nearby lightning strikes that can contribute to extremely high induced overvoltage transients. Recently, the authors introduced a 3D semi-analytical method to study the electromagnetic transients caused by these strikes in a PV module. In the present paper we develop an improved model of the PV module that: (a) takes into account high-frequency effects by modelling capacitive and inductive couplings; (b) considers the electrical insulation characteristics of the module; (c) includes the connection to a DC/DC converter. The whole process involves three major steps, i.e., the magnetic-field computation, the evaluation of both common-mode- and differential-mode-induced voltages across the PV module, and the use of the calculated voltages as input to a lumped equivalent circuit of the PV module connected to the DC/DC converter. In such a framework, the influence of the PV operating condition on the resulting electrical stresses is assessed; moreover, the relevance or insignificance of some parameters, such as the module insulation or the frame material, is demonstrated. Finally, results show that the induced overvoltage are highly dependent both on the grounding of the conducting parts and on the external conditions such as lightning current waveforms and lightning channel (LC) geometry.

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Voltage and Current Characteristics of Schottky Barrier Diodes and Rectifier Diodes Exposed to Standard Lightning Impulse Voltage

Ko,

Torihara,

Sakoda

et al. 2024

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Lightning surges are one of the major reasons of bypass diode (BPD) failure in photovoltaic modules. In this study, standard lightning impulse voltages (SLIVs) were directly applied to Schottky barrier diodes (SKB diodes) and rectifier diodes (PNJ diodes) with different electrical specifications. The critical voltages Vc of SLIV at which the diodes were damaged and the temporal variations of diode current (iD) and voltage (vD) were measured. It was found the iD‐vD characteristics can be categorized into a total of eight patterns: four patterns for the forward SLIV application and the four for the reverse SLIV application, regardless of diode types. The measured results imply that the irreversible voltage dip that occurs before the termination of the reverse breakdown contributes significantly to diode damage in the both forward and reverse SLIV applications. SKB diodes exposed to the reverse SLIV are easily damaged at the lowest magnitude of SLIV among all combinations of diode types and SLIV directions. Once a diode has been damaged due to the first SLIV application, the second application of SLIV to the same diode causes remarkable change in the iD‐vD characteristic even if the magnitude of the second SLIV is smaller than Vc. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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PV Installation Design Influencing the Risk of Induced Currents from Nearby Lightning Strikes

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Measurement-Based Nonlinear SPICE-Compatible Photovoltaic Models for Simulating the Effects of Surges and Electromagnetic Interference within Installations

Measurement-Based Nonlinear SPICE-Compatible Photovoltaic Models for Simulating the Effects of Surges and Electromagnetic Interference within Installations

Modeling of PV Module and DC/DC Converter Assembly for the Analysis of Induced Transient Response Due to Nearby Lightning Strike

Voltage and Current Characteristics of Schottky Barrier Diodes and Rectifier Diodes Exposed to Standard Lightning Impulse Voltage

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