The confluence of technology development and market readiness is opening up major business opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) systems throughout the developing world. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque (Sandia), working on behalf of the U S Department of Energy, have launched pilot projects in several countries throughout the world over the past 3 years. The focus of these pilot projects has been the development of in-country institutional capabilities necessary to deliver the promise of PV electricity to the rural populations. In addition to country-specific activities, NREL is conducting several technology, information, and partnership projects focused on further accelerating the education, training, business, and technology developments necessary to bridge the gap between promise and reality. This paper summarizes these efforts. COUNTRY PROJECTS Country-specific, pilot-project partnerships have been developed and are being carried out in Brazil, India, China, South Afnca, Mexico, and elsewhere. A common theme in all these country collaborations has been to team up with strong in-country affiliates to build on the existing in-country institutional capability.