Putting universalism to the service of social justice: Can two-tiered systems be avoided?

Franzoni, Juliana Martínez; Ancochea, Diego Sánchez

doi:10.1177/1468018114544414a

Global Social Policy

2014

DOI: 10.1177/1468018114544414a

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Putting universalism to the service of social justice: Can two-tiered systems be avoided?

Juliana Martínez Franzoni¹,

Diego Sánchez Ancochea²

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2020

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Claiming the socioeconomic merits of UBI is as easy and as divisive as claiming the natural entitlement to any other universalistic prerogative (Adami 2012;Franzoni, Sánchez-Ancochea 2016;Kildal, Kuhnle 2005;Shijun 2009). And yet, to paraphrase the famous passage from George Orwell's Animal Farm, the unpleasant reality is that all universalistic programs are equal, but some are more equal than others (Laclau et al 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Locally Universal: Universal Basic Income Policies in the Post-Pandemic World-Order

Lucchesi Moraes,

Freire

2020

Glocalism

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Rampant disparities within the capital/labor share, increased pressure on climatically vulnerable communities and mass international migration due to economic hardship or violence. All that without mentioning the ever-haunting specter of automation-induced unemployment and, finally, the outbreak of a world-reaching pandemic: these are some of the ongoing cataclysmic trends that are making an everincreasing number of academics, policymakers and multilateral organizations revisit the adoption of Universal Basic Income (UBI) models. The idea of furnishing guaranteed, unconditional and universal basic income for people within an assigned geographical locality – and potentially the entire globe – has ebbed and flown from the pages of authors of all walks of the political spectrum for over two centuries. It appears, though, that such an idea is regaining momentum at this point in history, a somewhat unexpected moment, given the worldwide rise of nationalistic and illiberalism worldviews. The ambition of this proposal is not to promote an exhaustive comparative assessment of competing proposals currently taking place – or being aspired at – around the world. Instead, this working paper stands as an introductory effort to be followed by a more robust case study of existing schemes, which should bind them under the theories of Multipolarity. This proposal launches the cornerstone of a debate assessing the concrete costs and political coordination challenges that are likely to arise in a scenario of massive and ideally genuine universal effort to start or scale-up existing UBI initiatives through the deployment of digital financing techniques, including its most disruptive variations such as cryptocurrencies.

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confidence: 99%

Locally Universal: Universal Basic Income Policies in the Post-Pandemic World-Order

Lucchesi Moraes,

Freire

2020

Glocalism

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Tackling segmentation to advance universal health coverage: analysis of policy architectures of health care in Chile and Uruguay

Bernales-Baksai

2020

Int J Equity Health

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Background: With the turn of the century, most countries in Latin America witnessed an increased concern with universalism and redistribution. In the health sector, this translated into a wide range of reforms to advance Universal Health Coverage (UHC) that, however, have had to cope with health systems that stratified the population since their foundation and the further segmentation inherited by market-oriented policies in the 1980s and 1990s. Studies on social welfare stress the relevance of cross-class alliances between the middle and working classes to reach universal and sustainable social benefits. Consequently, the endurance of separate health schemes across groups of the population in most countries in Latin America may seriously hamper the efforts towards UHC. Aim: This article addresses the potential of current policy architectures of health care to tackle segmentation between social classes in access to health services in two of the best performers of health coverage in the region, namely Chile and Uruguay. Methods: The article is a comparative case study based on a literature review and applies an analytical framework that links universal outputs to the policy architectures of health care. The study assesses universal outputs in terms of coverage, generosity and financial protection, identifying equity gaps in each of these dimensions across groups of the population. Findings: Latest processes of reform for UHC in Chile and Uruguay perform highly regarding population coverage. Nevertheless, equity gaps in access to quality services and financial protection remain. In both countries, such gaps relate to the eligibility criteria. In Chile, segmentation is reinforced by the persistence of separated pools of resources that hinder solidarity. Besides, the significant role of private actors and differences in quality between public and private service providers continue to push middle and upper-middle classes to private options. Uruguay's health reform reinforced the public system and promoted financial solidarity by pooling and progressively allocating resources. Despite this, fragmentation in service provision continues the segmentation of access to health care. Conclusions: The study shows differences in the options of reforms for UHC in Chile and Uruguay and the relevance of policy architectures to reverse, or conversely deepen, segmentation across groups of the population.

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Putting universalism to the service of social justice: Can two-tiered systems be avoided?

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Locally Universal: Universal Basic Income Policies in the Post-Pandemic World-Order

Locally Universal: Universal Basic Income Policies in the Post-Pandemic World-Order

Tackling segmentation to advance universal health coverage: analysis of policy architectures of health care in Chile and Uruguay

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