Putting the pieces together: Maternal depression, maternal behavior, and toddler helplessness

Kelley, Sue A.; Jennings, Kay Donahue

doi:10.1002/imhj.10044

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Low potency neither interacted with sex nor age on predicting offspring psychopathology, suggesting low potency to similarly predict offspring anxiety (and depression) in younger and older adolescents, males and females. Although few prior studies investigated interactive effects between child potency (or conceptually related constructs) and maternal anxiety/depression on predicting offspring anxiety/depression, our findings match with previous research suggesting parental psychopathology to strengthen the association between an unfavorable family environment and offspring psychopathology [14,[47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Nonetheless, there is also evidence that complex bidirectional relationships exist between maternal and offspring characteristics and, for example, that offspring temperament and personality influence how mothers perceive their children and react to them [42][43][44][45][46]. Furthermore, research found the association between an unfavorable family environment and offspring psychopathology to be pronounced in the presence of parental psychopathology [14,[47][48][49][50][51][52]. For instance, parental social phobia interacted with parenting on predicting offspring social phobia in a way that unfavorable parenting was more strongly associated with offspring social phobia in the presence of parental social phobia [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

Asselmann

Wittchen

Lieb

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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This study aims to examine whether (a) low child valence (emotional connectedness) within the mother-child relationship increases the risk for offspring depression, (b) low child potency (individual autonomy) increases the risk for offspring anxiety, and (c) maternal psychopathology pronounces these associations. We used data from a prospective-longitudinal study of adolescents (aged 14-17 at baseline) and their mothers (N = 1,015 mother-child dyads). Anxiety disorders and depression were assessed repeatedly over 10 years in adolescents (T0, T1, T2, T3) and their mothers (T1, T3) using the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Valence and potency were assessed in mothers (T1) with the Subjective Family Image Questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) from logistic regression were used to estimate associations between low child valence/potency and offspring psychopathology (cumulated lifetime incidences; adjusted for sex and age). In separate models (low valence or low potency as predictor), low child valence predicted offspring depression only (OR = 1.26 per SD), while low child potency predicted offspring anxiety (OR = 1.24) and depression (OR = 1.24). In multiple models (low valence and low potency as predictors), low child valence predicted offspring depression only (OR = 1.19), while low child potency predicted offspring anxiety only (OR = 1.22). Low child potency interacted with maternal anxiety on predicting offspring depression (OR = 1.49), i.e. low child potency predicted offspring depression only in the presence of maternal anxiety (OR = 1.33). These findings suggest that low child valence increases the risk for offspring depression, while low child potency increases the risk for offspring anxiety and depression and interacts with maternal psychopathology on predicting offspring depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

Asselmann

Wittchen

Lieb

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…However, this may not hold true for all cultural groups (McGroder, 2000). For example, although many studies have found that adult-oriented, intrusive parenting is maladaptive for children’s development (Kelley & Jennings, 2003), some research has shown that intrusiveness, or directiveness, may be an optimal characteristic for parenting in cultures with minority status (Ispa et al, 2013). Questions have been raised about whether intrusiveness in and of itself is associated with positive outcomes for certain ethnic groups or whether the coupling of warmth and positivity with intrusiveness is required for positive effects, whereas the coupling of negativity with intrusiveness produces negative effects (Tamis-LeMonda, Briggs, McClowry, & Snow, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Differences in Profiles of Mother–Child Interactions and Relations to Emerging School Readiness in African American and Latin American Children

Dyer¹,

Owen²,

Caughy³

2014

Parenting

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SYNOPSIS Objective This article examines ethnic similarities and differences in profiles of mother–child interaction qualities for low-income African American and Latin American mothers and associations with preschoolers’ emerging school readiness. Design Videotaped mother–child interactions were collected at age 2.5 years from a sample of African American (n = 192) and Latin American (n = 210) families. Profiles of maternal behavior were identified in person-centered within-group analyses of five ratings of maternal behavior from the videotaped interactions. Mothering profile groups were examined for relations to child receptive language, behavior problems, and pre-academic school readiness measured at age 3.5 years. Results Latent class analyses yielded three similar profiles in the two ethnicities identified as Child-Oriented, Directive, and Harsh-Intrusive mothering, and a fourth profile of Withdrawn mothering only among the African American mothers. For African American children, Child-Oriented and Directive mothering were each associated with higher pre-academic school readiness and language scores than Harsh-Intrusive or Withdrawn mothering. For Latin American children, Child-Oriented mothering was associated with fewer child behavior problems than Harsh-Intrusive mothering, and higher school readiness scores than Directive mothering. Conclusions Both similarities and differences were found between African American and Latin American families in observation- based mothering profiles and their linkages with preschoolers’ school readiness.

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“…This is an important developmental period to investigate given evidence that the precursors, and sometimes full syndromal cases, of internalizing psychopathology can be observed in toddlers and preschoolers. [14][15][16] Moreover, two generation studies have reported differences in developmentally important behaviors between offspring of depressed and non-depressed parents using children of similar 17,18 and younger ages. 19 The second aim is examine whether the effects of G1 and G2 psychopathology is specific to MDD or whether G1 and G2 anxiety or substance use disorders are also associated with G3 behavior problems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Parental and Grandparental Major Depressive Disorder on Behavior Problems in Early Childhood: A Three-Generation Study

Olino

Pettit

Klein

et al. 2008

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective-This aim of this study was to examine the influence of grandparental (G1) and parental (G2) major depressive disorder (MDD) and other forms of psychopathology on behavior problems in very young offspring (G3).Method-Oregon Adolescent Depression Project (OADP) participants who had children over a 3-year period were invited to participate in a study of infant and child development. We attempted to collect diagnostic history from the original OADP (G2) participants, their coparents, the parents of the original OADP participants (G1), and the parents of the coparents. Child (G3) outcomes at 24 months of age were based on parent reports of behavior problems.Results-Univariate correlations indicated that G1 and G2 familial loadings for MDD were associated with higher levels of G3 internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between G1 and G2 MDD on G3 internalizing (but not externalizing) behavior problems. A higher familial loading for MDD in either the parental or grandparental generation was associated with elevated grandchild internalizing problems, but higher loadings for MDD in both generations did not convey additional risk.Conclusions-Parental MDD and grandparental MDD are both associated with elevated levels of internalizing problems in young grandchildren, but MDD in both the G1 and G2 generations does not confer additional risk. One important implication is that MDD in the grandparental generation is associated with increased risk to grandchildren even in the absence of parental MDD. Future studies should examine the mechanisms through which grandparental psychopathology influences behavior problems in grandchildren. Although there are a number of three-generation studies of the familial transmission of externalizing disorders, 6-8 we are aware of only two published 9,10 studies of depressive disorders that examine three generations within the same families. KeywordsWeissman and colleagues 10,11 prospectively followed the offspring (parents [G2]) of patients with MDD and individuals with no history of mood disorders (grandparents [G1]). Diagnostic information was collected on both the G1 parent probands and G1 coparents. Subsequently, these investigators assessed G3 (child) offspring older than the age of 5 years of the G2 parents. Weissman et al. 10 reported a significant interaction between grandparental (G1) MDD and parental (G2) MDD on both anxiety disorders and psychopathology in general in the grandchildren (G3). This interaction suggested that grandchildren with a family history of MDD in both the parental and grandparental generations were at greatest risk of psychopathology. There was also a heightened risk of psychopathology in grandchildren if there was a history of MDD in the grandparents, but not in the parents. However, in the absence of grandparental MDD, the risk of psychopathology in grandchildren did not differ as a function of whether their parents had MDD. Thus, although the combination of grandparent...

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Putting the pieces together: Maternal depression, maternal behavior, and toddler helplessness

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

Ethnic Differences in Profiles of Mother–Child Interactions and Relations to Emerging School Readiness in African American and Latin American Children

Influence of Parental and Grandparental Major Depressive Disorder on Behavior Problems in Early Childhood: A Three-Generation Study

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