“…Geodemographic classifications have been developed in the UK over the past 50 years (Harris et al, 2005;Webber and Burrows, 2018), with the first model being created for the city of Liverpool in the 1970s from newly digitised census records (Webber, 1975). This model was then later expanded to the national extent (Webber, 1977;Webber and Craig, 1978), and subsequently other census-based geodemographic classifications have been created after each decennial census of the population, in 1981 (Charlton et al, 1985), 1991 (Brown and Batey, 1994), 2001 Rees, 2006, 2007), 2011 (Gale et al, 2016), and most recently 2021 (Wyszomierski et al, 2023).…”