Putting Tanzania's Hidden Economy to Work

Ruitenbeek, Jack; Hewawasam, Indumathie; Utz, Robert Johann; Cartier, Cynthia

doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-7462-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Export bans can be imposed if the levels exceed the maximum allowed levels. The Tanzanian fishery sector experienced a fish export ban in 1999 due to concerns about the quality of export products (Wold Bank 2008). The ban had devastating impacts on export earnings and a major impact on the fishing communities (BET 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ban had devastating impacts on export earnings and a major impact on the fishing communities (BET 2003). Measures were taken to improve the quality of the fish products which led to lifting of the ban in 2000 (Wold Bank 2008). Given the reported levels of trace metals in mangrove forests along the coast, there is a potential for trace metals to accumulate in edible crustaceans and threaten public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioaccumulation and public health implications of trace metals in edible tissues of the crustaceans Scylla serrata and Penaeus monodon from the Tanzanian coast

Rumisha

Leermakers

Mdegela

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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The coastal population in East Africa is growing rapidly but sewage treatment and recycling facilities in major cities and towns are poorly developed. Since estuarine mangroves are the main hotspots for pollutants, there is a potential for contaminants to accumulate in edible fauna and threaten public health. This study analysed trace metals in muscle tissues of the giant mud crabs (Scylla serrata) and the giant tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) from the Tanzanian coast, in order to determine the extent of bioaccumulation and public health risks. A total of 180 samples of muscle tissues of S. serrata and 80 of P. monodon were collected from nine sites along the coast. Both species showed high levels of trace metals in the wet season and significant bioaccumulation of As, Cu and Zn. Due to their burrowing and feeding habits, mud crabs were more contaminated compared to tiger prawns sampled from the same sites. Apart from that, the measured levels of Cd, Cr and Pb did not exceed maximum limits for human consumption. Based on the current trend of fish consumption in Tanzania (7.7 kg/person/year), the measured elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) are not likely to present health risks to shellfish consumers. Nevertheless, potential risks of As and Cu cannot be ruled out if the average per capita consumption is exceeded. This calls for strengthened waste management systems and pollution control measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and public health implications of trace metals in edible tissues of the crustaceans Scylla serrata and Penaeus monodon from the Tanzanian coast

Rumisha

Leermakers

Mdegela

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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Evaluating irreversible social harms

Pols

Romijn

2017

Policy Sci

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In this paper we investigate how irreversible social harms should be evaluated from an ethical perspective. First, we define a general notion of irreversibility, drawing on discussions in ecology and economics. This notion is relational in the sense that ''irreversibility'' is always ''irreversibility for a certain party''. We also note that a change may be more or less difficult to reverse, with full reversibility and irreversibility as two extremes. Second, we examine what can make an irreversible change a harm, and why these kinds of harms have particular ethical significance. Here we draw on discussions from ethics, particularly regarding the capability approach. We also show how our notion of irreversibility connects to, and can add to, discussions in the fields of development studies and disaster management, particularly on the concept of resilience. Third, we suggest how potentially irreversible harms can be recognised and dealt with in policymaking. Finally, we show how our framework can be applied by evaluating the land acquisition process of two biofuel producers in Tanzania.

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