Putting smell on the map

Vosshall, Leslie B.

doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00037-7

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…During a developmental stage the 4–5 loop may act as a recognition epitope to guide OSNs while they extend their axons to the correct glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, as suggested by some authors (Singer, Shepherd & Greer, 1995 b ; Skoufos, 1999). This hypothesis is consistent with the active role of ORs in organizing the connectivity of the olfactory map (Vosshall, 2003). However, new evidence suggests that ORs may control the axon‐guidance process only indirectly, through modulating the intracellular concentration of cAMP in a neuron.…”

Section: The Theory Of Olfactory Receptors As Metalloproteinssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The axons of OSNs expressing the same OR converge to only one or a few of some 2000 modules, called glomeruli (Fig. 2), forming a highly organized topographic map on the surface of the olfactory bulb (Vosshall, 2003). The fact that a large population of OSNs converge to the same glomerulus produces an improved signal‐to‐noise ratio and increases the effective stimulus sensitivity.…”

Section: Discovery and Characterization Of Olfactory Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sense of smell: molecular basis of odorant recognition

Zarzo

2007

Biological Reviews

107

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Most animal species rely on odorant compounds to locate food, predators, or toxins. The sense of smell is also involved in animal communication, and revealing the underlying mechanisms will therefore facilitate a deeper understanding of animal behaviour. Since the 1940s different theories have speculated on the fundamental basis of olfaction. It was assumed that odorant molecules were recognized by selective protein receptors in the nose, triggering a nervous signal processed by the brain. The discovery of these receptors in the early 1990s allowed great progress in understanding the physiological and biochemical principles of olfaction. An overview of the different mechanisms involved in the coding of odour character as well as odour intensity is presented here, focusing on the biochemical basis of odorant recognition. Despite the enormous progress achieved in recent years, details of odorant-receptor interaction at the molecular level and the mechanisms of olfactory receptor activation are poorly understood. The likely role of metal ions in odorant recognition is discussed, and also the perireceptor events involved in odorant transport and biotransformation, with a view to providing a comprehensive overview of mammalian olfaction to guide future computational structural models and the design of functional experiments. Recent studies have analysed the olfactory genome of several species, providing information about the evolution of olfaction. The role of the olfactory system in animal communication is also described.

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Section: The Theory Of Olfactory Receptors As Metalloproteinssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discovery and Characterization Of Olfactory Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sense of smell: molecular basis of odorant recognition

Zarzo

2007

Biological Reviews

107

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“…These personalities may have fitness consequences (Rèale et al, 2007), knowledge of which could be applied to increase captive breeding and post-release survival through the selection of specific traits (Blumstein and Fernández-Juricic, 2010). Molecular genetics is revealing that olfactory receptor genes exhibit homology across a range of insect species (Jacquin and Merlin, 2004;Robertson et al, 2003;Vosshall 2003), comparison studies across vertebrates could provide a focus for future work. Understanding the genetic regulation of chemical communication will further our understanding of ecological interactions (Takken and Dickie, 2006) and also enable the marking and testing of specific olfactory traits, which may reflect "personality" and potential suitability of individuals for conservation programmes such as reintroductions.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of chemical communication studies to mammalian conservation biology: A review

Campbell‐Palmer

Rosell

2011

Biological Conservation

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“…The interactions between the odorant molecules and olfactory receptors exert combinatorial effects which are time specific and spatially distributed. the ORNs expressing a given type of receptor converge their axons onto a few defined glomeruli [4,10,11] . Thus, odor signals received by the ORNs in a given zone of the olfactory epithelium are transmitted to glomeruli in the corresponding zone of the main olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Coding and Processing Of Olfactory Information In The Olfactmentioning

confidence: 99%

The progress of olfactory transduction and biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2007

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Olfaction is a very important sensation for all animals. Recently great progress has been made in the research of olfactory transduction. Especially the novel finding of the gene superfamily encoding olfactory receptors has led to rapid advances in olfactory transduction. These advances also promoted the research of biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors and some obvious achievements have been obtained due to their potential commercial prospects and promising industrial applications. This paper briefly introduces the biological basis of olfaction, summarizes the progress of olfactory signal transduction in the olfactory neuron, the olfactory bulb and the olfactory cortex, outlines the latest developments and applications of biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors. Finally, the olfactory biosensor based on light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is addressed in detail based on our recent work and the research trends of olfactory biosensors in future are discussed. olfaction, olfactory transduction, biomimetic olfactory-based biosensorOlfaction plays an import role in most animals, although its mechanism is not as clear as that of vision and audition. However, the recent novel finding of the gene superfamily encoding candidate olfactory receptors was obtained by Buck and Axel [1] , which promoted the deep research on olfactory studies in the world. They were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their outstanding work. The mammalian olfactory system can recognize and discriminate a large number of distinct odors. The olfactory sensation is initiated by the interactions of odorant molecules with olfactory receptors located in the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Olfactory receptors are members of the superfamily of G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) [2] . The binding of odorant molecules to specific olfactory receptors activates specific G proteins. The G proteins then initiate a cascade of intracellular enzymatic reactions leading to the depolarization of ORN and ultimately the generation of action potentials. The action potentials propagate along the axons of ORNs to the olfactory bulb located in the front of the brain. After being processed, decorated and encoded in the olfactory bulb, olfactory signals are transmitted to the olfactory cortex through the axonal projections of mitral and tufted cells, which are the output neurons of the olfactory bulb [3] . Olfactory signals are deciphered in olfactory cortex allowing the recognition and discrimination of distinct odors.The biological mechanisms of odor recognition and discrimination are worth imitating. Based on olfactory mechanisms, many types of biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors have been fabricated by combining olfactory functional components with various secondary sensors. Similar to the olfactory system in vivo, the olfactory biosensors are characterized with high sensitivity, rapid

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Putting smell on the map

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

The sense of smell: molecular basis of odorant recognition

The sense of smell: molecular basis of odorant recognition

The importance of chemical communication studies to mammalian conservation biology: A review

The progress of olfactory transduction and biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors

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