Putative Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (AMPV) and Reidentification of APMV-2 and APMV-6 to the Species Level Based on Wild Bird Surveillance (United States, 2016–2018)

Young, Kelsey; Stephens, Jazz Q.; Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Butt, Salman Latif; Stanton, James B.

doi:10.1128/aem.00466-22

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Sequencing was controlled using MinKNOW v.21.06.0 (ONT) for 29 hours with default settings and hourly MUX scans. Post-sequencing analysis workflow followed the randomly primed, MinION-based sequencing as previously described (42,43). In brief, raw reads were basecalled, with the GPU version of Guppy v.6.1.3 (ONT) using the following command: guppybasecaller -i <input path> -s <save path> --flowcell <FLO-MIN106> --kit <SQK-LSK110> --device auto --calib_detect.…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Piscichuviral encephalitis in marine and freshwater chelonians: first evidence of jingchuviral disease

Laovechprasit

Young

Stacy

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Chuviruses (family Chuviridae), which are in the recently discovered order Jingchuvirales, were first identified in arthropods in 2015 and have been detected through metagenomics in numerous invertebrates, but only a few vertebrates. With only few metagenomically based detections in vertebrates, their replication competency in vertebrates remained questioned, let alone their pathological significance. This study identified three novel chuviruses as the etiology of lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in three wild aquatic turtles: an alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys sp.), a Kemps ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), and a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). The application of random, deep sequencing successfully assembled the complete snapping turtle chuvirus-1 [STCV-1], Kemps ridley turtle chuvirus-1 [KTCV-1] genome, and loggerhead turtle chuvirus-1 [LTCV-1]) genome. The STCV-1 and KTCV-1 sequences were used to create custom RNAscope probes for in situ hybridization, which confirmed STCV-1, KTCV-1, and LTCV-1 (cross reactivity to the KTCV-1 probe) RNA within the inflamed region of the brain and spinal cord. STCV-1 and KTCV-1 were isolated on several turtle-origin cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that all three viruses clustered with other vertebrate chuviruses, all within the genus Piscichuvirus. With more than 91% pairwise amino acid identity of the polymerase proteins, STCV-1, KTCV-1, and LTCV-1 belong to the same novel species, putatively named Piscichuvirus testudinae. This study demonstrates the first in situ evidence of chuviral pathogenicity in animals and only the second instance of jingchuviral isolation. The association of these chuviruses in three different chelonians with neurologic disease suggests the possibility that chuviruses are a significant, previously unrecognized cause of lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in freshwater and marine turtles. Additional studies of these viruses are needed to elucidate their role in chelonians and the possibility of related viruses in other related hosts.

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Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Piscichuviral encephalitis in marine and freshwater chelonians: first evidence of jingchuviral disease

Laovechprasit

Young

Stacy

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Homogenized samples underwent viral enrichment ( 14 , 15 ). We extracted RNA by using Trizol LS Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, https://www.thermofisher.com ) and prepared the cDNA library as previously described ( 16 , 17 ), using manufacturer-suggested kits for ligation-based sequencing of amplicons (SQK-LSK110 with EXP-PBC096) and sequencing on a FLO-MIN106 R9.4.1 flow cell in a MinION Mk1B sequencing device (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, https://nanoporetech.com ). The postsequencing analysis workflow followed the randomly primed, MinION-based sequencing as previously described ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piscichuvirus-Associated Severe Meningoencephalomyelitis in Aquatic Turtles, United States, 2009–2021

Laovechprasit,

Young,

Stacy

et al. 2023

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Viruses from a new species of piscichuvirus were strongly associated with severe lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in several free-ranging aquatic turtles from 3 coastal US states during 2009–2021. Sequencing identified 2 variants (freshwater turtle neural virus 1 [FTuNV1] and sea turtle neural virus 1 [STuNV1]) of the new piscichuvirus species in 3 turtles of 3 species. In situ hybridization localized viral mRNA to the inflamed region of the central nervous system in all 3 sequenced isolates and in 2 of 3 additional nonsequenced isolates. All 3 sequenced isolates phylogenetically clustered with other vertebrate chuvirids within the genus Piscichuvirus . FTuNV1 and STuNV1 shared ≈92% pairwise amino acid identity of the large protein, which narrowly places them within the same novel species. The in situ association of the piscichuviruses in 5 of 6 turtles (representing 3 genera) with lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis suggests that piscichuviruses are a likely cause of lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in freshwater and marine turtles.

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“…The first description of APMV-6 was isolated from a domestic duck in Hong Kong in 1977 [ 14 ]. APMV-6 can be characterized into two distinct subgroups based on both the antigenic serotype and genomic make-up; however, only 38 complete genomes have been sequenced prior to this study, so the actual diversity of this serotype in nature is unknown [ 14 , 16 ]. APMV-6 is genetically different from other APMV subtypes because it encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ukraine is a hot spot for the detection of avian diseases in wild bird populations because the geographical region spans three major flyways: East Africa and West Asia, Central Asia, and the Black and Mediterranean Seas. Similar to other RNA viruses (e.g., AIV), the introduction of APMV to naïve poultry populations is thought to be transmitted from wild migratory birds [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 16 ]. Horizontal transmission occurs through oropharyngeal and fecal secretions, thus resulting in a facile route of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Avian Paramyxoviruses APMV-1 and APMV-6 in Shorebirds and Waterfowl in Southern Ukraine

Klink

Rula

Sushko³

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Emerging RNA virus infections are a growing concern among domestic poultry industries due to the severe impact they can have on flock health and economic livelihoods. Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV; avulaviruses, AaV) are pathogenic, negative-sense RNA viruses that cause serious infections in the respiratory and central nervous systems. APMV was detected in multiple avian species during the 2017 wild bird migration season in Ukraine and studied using PCR, virus isolation, and sequencing. Of 4090 wild bird samples collected, mostly from southern Ukraine, eleven isolates were grown in ovo and identified for APMV serotype by hemagglutinin inhibition test as: APMV-1, APMV-4, APMV-6, and APMV-7. To build One Health’s capacity to characterize APMV virulence and analyze the potential risks of spillover to immunologically naïve populations, we sequenced virus genomes in veterinary research labs in Ukraine using a nanopore (MinION) platform. RNA was extracted and amplified using a multiplex tiling primer approach to specifically capture full-length APMV-1 (n = 5) and APMV-6 (n = 2) genomes at high read depth. All APMV-1 and APMV-6 fusion (F) proteins possessed a monobasic cleavage site, suggesting these APMVs were likely low virulence, annually circulating strains. Utilization of this low-cost method will identify gaps in viral evolution and circulation in this understudied but important critical region for Eurasia.

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Putative Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (AMPV) and Reidentification of APMV-2 and APMV-6 to the Species Level Based on Wild Bird Surveillance (United States, 2016–2018)

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Piscichuviral encephalitis in marine and freshwater chelonians: first evidence of jingchuviral disease

Piscichuviral encephalitis in marine and freshwater chelonians: first evidence of jingchuviral disease

Piscichuvirus-Associated Severe Meningoencephalomyelitis in Aquatic Turtles, United States, 2009–2021

Discovery of Avian Paramyxoviruses APMV-1 and APMV-6 in Shorebirds and Waterfowl in Southern Ukraine

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