Putative Immunological Functions of Inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Context of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Kogame, Toshiaki; Kabashima, Kenji; Egawa, Gyohei

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.733484

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…One possible example is that of Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas that originate in sites of chronic epithelial inflammation in various sites of the body, where it plays a role in regulating mucosal immunity [41]. MALT lymphomas are present in the gastrointestinal tract [42], nasopharynx [43], thyroid [44], breast [45], lung [46], salivary glands [47], eye [48], and skin [49] and exhibit characteristics with B cells located in the marginal zone of lymph node follicles. MALT lymphomas originate in sites of chronic epithelial inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vav1 Promotes B-Cell Lymphoma Development

Shalom¹,

Farago²,

Salaymeh³

et al. 2022

Cells

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Vav1 is normally and exclusively expressed in the hematopoietic system where it functions as a specific GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), firmly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Mutations and overexpression of Vav1 in hematopoietic malignancies, and in human cancers of various histologic origins, are well documented. To reveal whether overexpression of Vav1 in different tissues suffices for promoting the development of malignant lesions, we expressed Vav1 in transgenic mice by using the ubiquitous ROSA26 promoter (Rosa Vav1). We detected Vav1 expression in epithelial tissues of various organs including pancreas, liver, and lung. While carcinomas did not develop in these organs, surprisingly, we noticed the development of B-cell lymphomas. Rac1-GTP levels did not change in tissues from Rosa Vav1 mice expressing the transgenic Vav1, while ERK phosphorylation increased in the lymphomas, suggesting that signaling pathways are evoked. One of the growth factors analyzed by us as a suspect candidate to mediate paracrine stimulation in the lymphocytes was CSF-1, which was highly expressed in the epithelial compartment of Rosa Vav1 mice. The expression of its specific receptor, CSF-1R, was found to be highly expressed in the B-cell lymphomas. Taken together, our results suggest a potential cross-talk between epithelial cells expressing Vav1, that secrete CSF-1, and the lymphocytes that express CSF-1R, thus leading to the generation of B-cell lymphomas. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which Vav1 contributes to tumor propagation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vav1 Promotes B-Cell Lymphoma Development

Shalom¹,

Farago²,

Salaymeh³

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…Based on anatomic location, MALT is classified into several subgroups, such as bronchus-associated, conjunctiva-associated, gut-associated, larynx-associated, and nose-associated lymphoid tissues [ 2 ]. Skin-associated lymphoid tissue [ 3 , 4 ] and vascular-associated lymphoid tissue [ 5 , 6 ] are other distinct types of lymphoid tissue ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Organization and Commensal Bacteria Of The Gut-associated Ly...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colitis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis: The Focus on Isolated Lymphoid Follicles

2022

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Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is one of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the human body. The subepithelial compartment of the gut consists of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity, non-hematopoietic mesenchymal cells, and stem cells of different origins, and is organized into secondary (and even tertiary) lymphoid organs, such as Peyer’s patches, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. The function of isolated lymphoid follicles is multifaceted; they play a role in the development and regeneration of the large intestine and the maintenance of (immune) homeostasis. Isolated lymphoid follicles are also extensively associated with the epithelium and its conventional and non-conventional immune cells; hence, they can also function as a starting point or maintainer of pathological processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal carcinogenesis. These relationships can significantly affect both physiological and pathological processes of the intestines. We aim to provide an overview of the latest knowledge of isolated lymphoid follicles in colonic inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis. Further studies of these lymphoid organs will likely lead to an extended understanding of how immune responses are initiated and controlled within the large intestine, along with the possibility of creating novel mucosal vaccinations and ways to treat inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.

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“…Mucosal surfaces are characterized by the presence of lymphoid cells that are part of a MALT, which, according to the different areas, becomes gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) in the intestine [ 84 ], bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the lungs [ 85 ], skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) in the skin [ 86 ], nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) in the nose [ 87 ], larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) in the larynx, and conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in the conjunctiva [ 88 ]. The role of the mucosal immune system is to protect the body’s internal surfaces while keeping the physiological functions of the relevant organs intact and efficient, such as food absorption, gas exchange, and sensory and reproductive activities [ 89 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Microbiota In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Multidistrict Host–Pathogen Interaction during COVID-19 and the Development Post-Infection Chronic Inflammation

et al. 2022

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Due to the presence of the ACE2 receptor in different tissues (nasopharynx, lung, nervous tissue, intestine, liver), the COVID-19 disease involves several organs in our bodies. SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect different cell types, spreading to different districts. In the host, an uncontrolled and altered immunological response is triggered, leading to cytokine storm, lymphopenia, and cellular exhaustion. Hence, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are established. This scenario is also reflected in the composition of the microbiota, the balance of which is regulated by the interaction with the immune system. A change in microbial diversity has been demonstrated in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy donors, with an increase in potentially pathogenic microbial genera. In addition to other symptoms, particularly neurological, the occurrence of dysbiosis persists after the SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterizing the post-acute COVID syndrome. This review will describe and contextualize the role of the immune system in unbalance and dysbiosis during SARS-CoV-2 infection, from the acute phase to the post-COVID-19 phase. Considering the tight relationship between the immune system and the gut–brain axis, the analysis of new, multidistrict parameters should be aimed at understanding and addressing chronic multisystem dysfunction related to COVID-19.

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Putative Immunological Functions of Inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Context of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Cited by 11 publications

References 81 publications

Vav1 Promotes B-Cell Lymphoma Development

Vav1 Promotes B-Cell Lymphoma Development

Colitis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis: The Focus on Isolated Lymphoid Follicles

Multidistrict Host–Pathogen Interaction during COVID-19 and the Development Post-Infection Chronic Inflammation

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