Putative Homologs ofSSK22MAPKK Kinase andPBS2MAPK Kinase ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeEncoded byos-4andos-5Genes for Osmotic Sensitivity and Fungicide…

Fujimura, Masatake; Ochiai, Noriyuki; Oshima, Michiyo; Motoyama, Takayuki; Ichiishi, Akihiko; Usami, Ron; Horikoshi, Koki; Yamaguchi, Isamu

doi:10.1271/bbb.67.186

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We uncovered evidence suggesting that RRG-1 is upstream of the OS-4/OS-5/OS-2 MAPK pathway, in that OS-2-phosphate levels were greatly reduced in ⌬rrg-1 mutants relative to wild type. Previous results support OS-1/ NIK-1 acting upstream of the OS-2 MAPK cascade with regard to hyperosmotic stress and fungicide resistance (Fujimura et al, 2003). Because there is only one HPT protein, we expect that NIK-1/OS-1 and perhaps all of the 11 histidine kinases operate upstream of HPT-1 to regulate the response regulators RRG-1 and RRG-2 in Neurospora (Figure 7).…”

Section: Rrg-1 and Osmotolerancesupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Thus, loss of rrg-1 leads to an early and complete block in female fertility in Neurospora. It has been reported that os-4 mutants are female sterile, but the exact defect was not specified (Fujimura et al, 2003). Therefore, we analyzed the os mutant strains for protoperithecial and perithecial development.…”

Section: Rrg-1 and Components Of The Os-2 Mapk Pathway Are Essential mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…⌬nik-1 strains are phenotypically similar to osmoticsensitive (os) mutants, with swollen hyphae and asexual spores that lyse easily and are sensitive to hyperosmotic conditions. Subsequent work demonstrated that nik-1 is allelic with os-1 (Schumacher et al, 1997) and that three additional os genes (os-4 MAPKKK, os-5 MAPKK, and os-2 MAPK) comprise an MAPK pathway in Neurospora whose members are similar to those of the S. cerevisiae Hog1p system (Zhang et al, 2002;Fujimura et al, 2003). Mutation of os genes also leads to increased resistance to phenylpyrrole and dicarboximide fungicides (Fujimura et al, 2000a,b;Ochiai et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2002).…”

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The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

Jones

Greer‐Phillips²,

Borkovich

2007

MBoC

105

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Two-component systems, consisting of proteins with histidine kinase and/or response regulator domains, regulate environmental responses in bacteria, Archaea, fungi, slime molds, and plants. Here, we characterize RRG-1, a response regulator protein from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. The cell lysis phenotype of ⌬rrg-1 mutants is reminiscent of osmotic-sensitive (os) mutants, including nik-1/os-1 (a histidine kinase) and strains defective in components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway: os-4 (MAPK kinase kinase), os-5 (MAPK kinase), and os-2 (MAPK). Similar to os mutants, ⌬rrg-1 strains are sensitive to hyperosmotic conditions, and they are resistant to the fungicides fludioxonil and iprodione. Like os-5, os-4, and os-2 mutants, but in contrast to nik-1/os-1 strains, ⌬rrg-1 mutants do not produce female reproductive structures (protoperithecia) when nitrogen starved. OS-2-phosphate levels are elevated in wild-type cells exposed to NaCl or fludioxonil, but they are nearly undetectable in ⌬rrg-1 strains. OS-2-phosphate levels are also low in ⌬rrg-1, os-2, and os-4 mutants under nitrogen starvation. Analysis of the rrg-1 D921N allele, mutated in the predicted phosphorylation site, provides support for phosphorylation-dependent and -independent functions for RRG-1. The data indicate that RRG-1 controls vegetative cell integrity, hyperosmotic sensitivity, fungicide resistance, and protoperithecial development through regulation of the OS-4/OS-5/OS-2 MAPK pathway. INTRODUCTIONTwo-component regulatory systems are signal transduction pathways found in bacteria, Archaea, slime molds, fungi, and plants (for reviews, see Wolanin et al., 2002). Twocomponent systems have been implicated in responses to light, osmolarity, cellular redox status, nutrient and oxygen levels, virulence, and other factors (for review, see Wolanin et al., 2002;Borkovich et al., 2004). A basic two-component system consists of a histidine kinase and a response regulator (for review, see West and Stock, 2001;Wolanin et al., 2002). Histidine kinases autophosphorylate on a conserved histidine residue in the histidine kinase domain. The phosphoryl group is then transferred to an aspartate residue in the receiver domain on the response regulator. Complex two-component signaling pathways (also termed phosphorelays) contain hybrid histidine kinases that have both a histidine kinase domain and a response regulator receiver domain in the same protein, thus facilitating an intramolecular phosphate transfer reaction. The phosphate group on the aspartate residue is transferred to a histidine phosphotransfer (HPT) protein. Subsequently, the histidine phosphotransfer protein phosphorylates the receiver domain on a response regulator. Phosphorelays are the major two-component pathways in eukaryotic systems; however, two-component systems are not present in animals, making them ideal candidate targets for antimicrobial drugs (for review, see Alex et al., 1998;Wolanin et al., 2002;Borkovich et al., 2004).Many response regulators contain a ...

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Section: Rrg-1 and Osmotolerancesupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Rrg-1 and Components Of The Os-2 Mapk Pathway Are Essential mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

Jones

Greer‐Phillips²,

Borkovich

2007

MBoC

105

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“…The phosphoryl group is transferred to a receiver domain on the hybrid kinase and then transferred to the histidine phosphotransferase, which shuttles the phosphoryl group to RRG-1 (21). RRG-1 modulates the activity of a downstream MAPK cascade that includes OS-4 (MAPKKK), OS-5 (MAPKK), and OS-2 (MAPK) (25,26). The MAPK cascade regulates downstream target genes that encode components needed to survive conditions of high osmolarity, as well as for conidial integrity, sexual development, and fungicide sensitivity (21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythmicity mediated by temporal regulation of the activity of p38 MAPK

Vitalini

Paula

Goldsmith

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Circadian clocks are composed of central oscillators, input pathways that transduce external information to the oscillators, and output pathways that allow the oscillators to temporally regulate cellular processes. Little is known about the output pathways. In this study, we show that the Neurospora crassa osmosensing MAPK pathway, essential for osmotic stress responses, is a circadian output pathway that regulates daily rhythms in the expression of downstream genes. Rhythmic activation of the highly conserved stress-activated p38-type MAPK [Osmotically Sensitive-2 (OS-2)] by the N. crassa circadian clock allows anticipation and preparation for hyperosmotic stress and desiccation that begin at sunrise. These results suggest a conserved role for MAPK pathways in circadian rhythmicity.circadian output pathway ͉ circadian rhythm ͉ Neurospora crassa ͉ osmotic stress phosphorelay

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“…Three basic MAPK modules have been identified, but, so far, only the kinase cascade homologous to the S. cerevisiae osmosensing/stress pathway has been fully characterized in the filamentous ascomycetes N. crassa and Aspergillus nidulans (Zhang et al 2002;Fujimura et al 2003;Jones et al 2007;Noguchi et al 2007). 1 Osmostress signaling in N. crassa is transduced through the OS1 histidine kinase to the OS4, OS5, and OS2 MAPK cascade.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Nuclear Dbf2-Related Kinase COT1 and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases MAK1 and MAK2 Genetically Interact to Regulate Filamentous Growth, Hyphal Fusion and Sexual Development in Neurospora crassa

et al. 2008

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Ndr kinases, such as Neurospora crassa COT1, are important for cell differentiation and polar morphogenesis, yet their input signals as well as their integration into a cellular signaling context are still elusive. Here, we identify the cot-1 suppressor gul-4 as mak-2 and show that mutants of the gul-4/mak-2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway suppress cot-1 phenotypes along with a concomitant reduction in protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Furthermore, mak-2 pathway defects are partially overcome in a cot-1 background and are associated with increased MAK1 MAPK signaling. A comparative characterization of N. crassa MAPKs revealed that they act as three distinct modules during vegetative growth and asexual development. In addition, common functions of MAK1 and MAK2 signaling during maintenance of cell-wall integrity distinguished the two ERK-type pathways from the p38-type OS2 osmosensing pathway. In contrast to separate functions during vegetative growth, the concerted activity of the three MAPK pathways is essential for cell fusion and for the subsequent formation of multicellular structures that are required for sexual development. Taken together, our data indicate a functional link between COT1 and MAPK signaling in regulating filamentous growth, hyphal fusion, and sexual development.

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Putative Homologs ofSSK22MAPKK Kinase andPBS2MAPK Kinase ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeEncoded byos-4andos-5Genes for Osmotic Sensitivity and Fungicide…

Cited by 82 publications

References 21 publications

The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

Circadian rhythmicity mediated by temporal regulation of the activity of p38 MAPK

The Nuclear Dbf2-Related Kinase COT1 and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases MAK1 and MAK2 Genetically Interact to Regulate Filamentous Growth, Hyphal Fusion and Sexual Development in Neurospora crassa

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