Pushbutton Calling with a Two-Group Voice-Frequency Code

Schenker, Leo

doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1960.tb03929.x

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The watermarking scheme used with AnnoTone can be considered a derivative of dual-tone multi frequency (DTMF) signaling [21], which is widely used in telecommunications applications. The basics of the DTMF audio watermarking technique can be found in previous works [11,14,18]; however, we describe them here briefly for completeness.…”

Section: Watermarking Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

AnnoTone

Suzuki

Sakamoto

Igarashi

2015

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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We present a video annotation system called "AnnoTone", which can embed various contextual information describing a scene, such as geographical location. Then the system allows the user to edit the video using this contextual information, enabling one to, for example, overlay with map or graphical annotations. AnnoTone converts annotation data into high-frequency audio signals (which are inaudible to the human ear), and then transmits them from a smartphone speaker placed near a video camera. This scheme makes it possible to add annotations using standard video cameras with no requirements for specific equipment other than a smartphone. We designed the audio watermarking protocol using dual-tone multi-frequency signaling, and developed a general-purpose annotation framework including an annotation generator and extractor. We conducted a series of performance tests to understand the reliability and the quality of the watermarking method. We then created several examples of video-editing applications using annotations to demonstrate the usefulness of Annotone, including an After Effects plugin.

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Section: Watermarking Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

AnnoTone

Suzuki

Sakamoto

Igarashi

2015

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…As SF and its function are well known for certain phone routes, multi‐frequency (MF) is the most common signaling control for long distance networks . SF served this purpose until the publication of an article in the Bell System Technical Journal that described the methods and frequencies of inner‐office signaling .…”

Section: As a Placementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The word "phreak" is a combination of the words "phone" and "freak", and those individuals involved in "phreaks" are known as "phreakers" or "phone preaks" [158]. Such criminal activities are always related to those people working with or studying telecommunication systems, especially those familiar with public telephone networks and related equipments and systems [159].…”

Section: Phreakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey of cyber crimes

Zhang

Xiao

Ghaboosi

et al. 2011

Security Comm Networks

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With the advancement of computer and information technology, cyber crime is now becoming one of the most significant challenges facing law enforcement organizations. Cyber crimes are generally referred as criminal activities that use computers or networks. An understanding of the characteristics and nature of cyber crimes is important in helping research communities find ways to effectively prevent them. Most existing research focuses more on attacks and attack models, including either actual attacks or imaginary/possible attacks over all layers of networks or computers, but there has been less work carried out on a comprehensive survey of cyber crimes. This paper provides a survey of cyber crimes that have actually occurred. First, cyber crimes in the digital world are compared with crimes in the physical world. Then, cyber crimes are categorized according to the roles of computers or networks. Furthermore, we also notice that some cyber crimes are actually traditionally non‐cyber crimes that are facilitated by computers or networks. It is surprising that there are so many recurrent cyber crimes. More efforts are needed to protect people from cyber crimes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Although telephone number signals represent "digital" information, they're transmitted on telephone lines in analog form. The most common dialing system uses audio dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) 12,13 signals. DTMF is also popularly known by its original AT&T trademark, TouchTone.…”

Section: Dialed Digit Spoofingmentioning

confidence: 99%