Pursuit Eye Movements in the Absence of a Moving Visual Stimulus

Deckert, Gordon H.

doi:10.1126/science.143.3611.1192

Cited by 68 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, there is always a certain amount of efferent leakage. Thus, a subovert pattern of motor responses apes many of the original sense organ and postural adjustments of the specific stimulus orienting task (e.g., Shaw, 1940;Deckert, 1964;Jacobson, 1930). It is our view that this same motor regeneration process underlies emotional imagery.…”

Section: The Emotional Image As An Information Prototypementioning

confidence: 93%

Affective information processing and the assessment of anxiety

Lang

Cuthbert

1984

Journal of Behavioral Assessment

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A conceptualization of anxiety as comprising three loosely coupled response systems of overt behavior, verbal report, and physiological activation has proven useful in clinical and theoretical work. With this framework as a starting point, an information-processing approach to the study of emotion is described. Emotions are conceived as affective programs within the brain, with information coded as propositions organized into associative networks. Affective expression results when such a network is accessed and processed, which can occur when a sufficient number of propositions are activated by environment stimuli and/or internal associations. It is hypothesized that information about the expressive physiology is an integral component of the associative structure, and that processing of the network accordingly results in measurable psychophysiological response. Data from studies of emotional imagery, as well as other areas of research, are reviewed in support in these theories. The utility of this approach for the assessment of anxiety disorders is discussed, and results of clinical studies are presented to suggest that individual differences in accessing and processing emotional information may bear significant implications for prognosis and treatment selection. It is speculated that differences among the anxiety disorders could be interpreted in terms of the degree of cognitive organization of the network, leading to potential refinement of current diagnostic categories. In conclusion, cognitive psychology paradigms are discussed in terms of their application to the assessment and treatment of anxiety disorders.

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Section: The Emotional Image As An Information Prototypementioning

confidence: 93%

Affective information processing and the assessment of anxiety

Lang

Cuthbert

1984

Journal of Behavioral Assessment

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“…Some excitement was caused by Decker's technique provoking smooth pursuit eye movements through imagining a moving stimulus such as a swinging pendulum (Decker, 1964). Later more careful analysis substituted quasi-sinusoidal strings of saccadic eye movements for real smooth pursuit eye movements (Zikmund, 1966; Lenox, Lange, & Graham, 1970); nonetheless, these experiments showed eye movements actually measured during imagery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spontaneous Eye Movements During Visual Imagery Reflect the Content of the Visual Scene

Brandt

Stark

1997

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

403

311

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In nine naïve subjects eye movements were recorded while subjects viewed and visualized four irregularly-checkered diagrams. Scanpaths, defined as repetitive sequences of fixations and saccades were found during visual imagery and viewing. Positions of fixations were distributed according to the spatial arrangement of subfeatures in the diagrams. For a particular imagined diagrammatic picture, eye movements were closely correlated with the eye movements recorded while viewing the same picture. Thus eye movements during imagery are not random but reflect the content of the visualized scene. The question is discussed whether scanpath eye movements play a significant functional role in the process of visual imagery.

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“…Studies have shown that eye movements accompany visual imagery (e.g., Lorens & Darrow, 1962), and several authors have interpreted this finding as evidence that ocular activity is directly related to the visual content of the imagery (e.g., Deckert, 1964;Zigmund, 1964;Hebb, 1968). Lorens and Darrow(1962) recorded eye movements, skin conductance level, EEG, and heart rate during a IS·min relax period followed by mental multiplication and found a significant increase in e y e v m o v e m e n t rate (eye movements/minute) during the multiplication period, but found no correlation between eye-movement rate and the other psychophysiological indices.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Lorens and Darrow postulated that the increase in eye-movement rate reflected scanning of the visual images formed by Ss during calculation. Further evidence directly relating eye movements to the content of visual imagery is given by a study (Deckert, 1964) in which Ss, while attempting to imagine a beating pendulum, developed pursuit eye movements of a frequency comparable to the frequency of the previously visualized real pendulum. These results have been supported in a study by Zigmund (1964).…”

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confidence: 99%