Pursuit eye movements in dyslexic children: evidence for an immaturity of brain oculomotor structures?

Caldani, Simona; Gérard, Christophe; Peyre, Hugo; Bucci, Maria Pia

doi:10.16910/jemr.13.1.5

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…According to some authors (Caldani et al, 2020;Deans et al, 2010;Eden et al, 1994Eden et al, , 1996G. Pavlidis, 1981a), children with dyslexia exhibit erratic eye movements distributed almost randomly across the line of text, suggesting a deficiency in visual attentional processing and an immaturity of brain structures responsible for pursuit triggering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of word length and word frequency among dyslexic, ADHD-I and typical readers

Pereira

Costa²,

Guerreiro³

2022

JEMR

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This study aimed to investigate the neuropsycholinguistic functioning of children with Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) in a reading task. The psycholinguistic profile of both groups was assessed using a battery of neuropsychological and linguistic tests and compared to typical readers. Participants were submitted to a silent reading task with lexical manipulation of the text. Eye movements were recorded and compared aiming to find cognitive processes involved in reading that could help differentiate groups. The study examined whether word-frequency and word-length effects distinguish between groups. Participants included 19 typical readers, 21 children diagnosed with ADHD-I and 19 children with DD. All participants were attending 4th grade and had a mean age of 9.08 years. Children with DD and ADHD-I exhibited significant different cognitive and linguistic profiles on almost all measures evaluated when compared to typical readers. The effects of word length and word frequency interaction also differed significantly in the 3 experimental groups. The results support the multiple cognitive deficits theory. While the shared deficits support the evidence of a phonological disorder present in both conditions, the specific ones corroborate the hypothesis of an oculomotor dysfunction in DD and a visuo-spatial attention dysfunction in ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of word length and word frequency among dyslexic, ADHD-I and typical readers

Pereira

Costa²,

Guerreiro³

2022

JEMR

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“…There are multiple studies showing that dyslexia does not occur due to oculomotor impairments ( 27 ; 37 ) but also there are others which found a pattern of oculomotor anomalies in children with learning disabilities (including dyslexia) compared to typical readers ( 4 ; 7 ; 10 , 11 ; 15 ; 39 ). Nevertheless, compared to typical readers, difficulty in decoding results in different eye-tracking reading paths for those with reading difficulties, such as dyslexia ( 29 ; 45 ; 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent versus reading out loud modes: An eye-tracking study

Smyrnakis

Andreadakis²,

Andriani³

et al. 2021

JEMR

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The main purpose of this study is to compare the silent and loud reading ability of typical and dyslexic readers, using eye-tracking technology to monitor the reading process. The participants (156 students of normal intelligence) were first divided into three groups based on their school grade, and each subgroup was then further separated into typical readers and students diagnosed with dyslexia. The students read the same text twice, one time silently and one time out loud. Various eye-tracking parameters were calculated for both types of reading. In general, the performance of the typical students was better for both modes of reading - regardless of age. In the older age groups, typical readers performed better at silent reading. The dyslexic readers in all age groups performed better at reading out loud. However, this was less prominent in secondary and upper secondary dyslexics, reflecting a slow shift towards silent reading mode as they age. Our results confirm that the eye-tracking parameters of dyslexics improve with age in both silent and loud reading, and their reading preference shifts slowly towards silent reading. Typical readers, before 4th grade do not show a clear reading mode preference, however, after that age they develop a clear preference for silent reading.

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“…Recently, with sophisticated technologies, more advanced eye tracking methods have been developed. For example, dyslexic children showed lack of pursuit performance with an elevation in catchup saccades and decrease in gain values [35]. In schizophrenic patients, eye movement studies have revealed cognitive dysfunction as well as a link between the genetics of physiological characteristics and smooth pursuit eye movements [21,22].…”

Section: Eye Movements and Intellectual Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movement defects in KO zebrafish reveals SRPK3 as a causative gene for an X-linked intellectual disability

Kim

Lee²,

Thomas³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. X-linked ID (XLID) disorders, caused by defects in genes on the X chromosome, affect 1.7 out of 1,000 males. Employing exome sequencing, we identified three missense mutations (c.475C > G; p.H159D, c.1373C > A; p.T458N, and c.1585G > A; p.E529K) in the SRPK3 gene in seven XLID patients from three independent families. Clinical features common to the patients are intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal smooth pursuit eye movement, and ataxia. SRPK proteins are known to be involved in mRNA processing and, recently, synaptic vesicle and neurotransmitter release. In order to validate SRPK3 as a novel XLID gene, we established a knockout (KO) model of the SRPK3 orthologue in zebrafish. In day 5 of larval stage, KO zebrafish showed significant defects in spontaneous eye movement and swim bladder inflation. In adult KO zebrafish, we found agenesis of cerebellar structures and impairments in social interaction. These results suggest an important role of SRPK3 in eye movements, which might reflect learning problems, intellectual disability, and other psychiatric disorders.

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Pursuit eye movements in dyslexic children: evidence for an immaturity of brain oculomotor structures?

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of word length and word frequency among dyslexic, ADHD-I and typical readers

Effects of word length and word frequency among dyslexic, ADHD-I and typical readers

Silent versus reading out loud modes: An eye-tracking study

Eye movement defects in KO zebrafish reveals SRPK3 as a causative gene for an X-linked intellectual disability

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