Pursuit calibration

Abstract

Eye gaze is a compelling interaction modality but requires user calibration before interaction can commence. State of the art procedures require the user to fixate on a succession of calibration markers, a task that is often experienced as difficult and tedious. We present pursuit calibration, a novel approach that, unlike existing methods, is able to detect the user's attention to a calibration target. This is achieved by using moving targets, and correlation of eye movement and target trajectory, implicitly exploiting smooth pursuit eye movement. Data for calibration is then only sampled when the user is attending to the target. Because of its ability to detect user attention, pursuit calibration can be performed implicitly, which enables more flexible designs of the calibration task. We demonstrate this in application examples and user studies, and show that pursuit calibration is tolerant to interruption, can blend naturally with applications and is able to calibrate users without their awareness.

Remote Control by Body Movement in Synchrony with Orbiting Widgets

“…Early works introduced the principle as enabling "pointing without a pointer" and "motion-pointing" [9,37,38], inspired by perceptual control theory [19] and naturally harmonic human motor behaviour [11]. Recent work adopted motion correlation for gazeand gesture-based interaction [5,8,25,33,34], leveraging human natural ability to smoothly follow motion with their eyes and hands. This prior body of work, recently reviewed in depth by Velloso et al [32], demonstrated advantages of motion correlation: the high discoverability of the available gestures as they are continuously displayed [5,9]; implicit coupling of input and output coordinate spaces without need for calibration [8,34]; usability with feedback modalities that are not suited for pointing [33,38]; no split of attention between a cursor and a target [9]; and the capacity for multi-user input [5].…”

DialPlates

“…In addition to using it as a calibration-free gaze interaction technique, Pursuits can also be used for calibration. Pfeuffer et al [25] introduced a method to calibrate the eye tracker as users follow onscreen moving targets. Similarly, Celebi et al [3] used Pursuits for eye tracker calibration.…”

MatchPoint

“…Motion-matching is an alternative selection mechanism to pointing, relying on the ability of users to couple with motion displayed at the interface [57]. First explored by Williamson and Murray-Smith [63], motion-matching has been used with a variety of different input modalities, including the mouse [63,24], eye gaze [47,59,22], and recently touchless interaction [13,17,16]. PathSync demonstrated the discoverability, intuitiveness and multi-user capacity of motion-matching for hand-based gestures [13], while TraceMatch showed users' capacity to synchronise using different input modalities [16].…”