Pursuing the End-of-Life Tire Circularity: An Outlook toward the Production of Secondary Raw Materials from Tire Pyrolysis Oil

Abstract

Pyrolysis is perceived as the missing link between the management of end-of-life tires (ELTs) and the tire industry because it strikes directly in the transition from a linear to a circular economy model and toward the defossilization of diverse economic sectors. Tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) is one of the most valuable and interesting fractions derived from the pyrolysis of ELTs. It contains valuable chemicals including, among others, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, as well as limonene, which are some of the building blocks of the petrochemical industry. Within the circular economy framework, traditional practices such as the direct use of TPO in combustion systems seem to exhibit a low circularity degree. Instead, the production of secondary raw materials that can be reused for multiple purposes associated with the petrochemical industry is getting special attention. Based on the above, this work aims at reviewing different pathways currently explored in the scientific community to produce various value-added products from TPO. Due to the similarity of its properties with those of petroleum streams, the coprocessing of TPO using existing units in conventional refineries exhibits a massive potential. In this manner, the properties of the derived products can be fine-tuned according to the hydrocarbons and petrochemical market requirements. As such, discussed are the advantages, recent progress, and challenges in the implementation of conventional refinery practices such as distillation, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydroprocessing, and steam cracking for TPO post-treatment. These processes are seen as the path to integrate TPO in the current hydrocarbon/petrochemical market.

Hydrogen production by waste tire recycling by photo-pyrolysis

“…61 Typically, this fraction can be ascribed to a complex mixture with several compounds such as limonene (C 10 H 16 ), benzene (C 6 H 6 ), toluene (C 7 H 8 ), xylene (C 8 H 10 ), trimethylbenzene (C 9 H 12 ), ethylbenzene (C 8 H 10 ), etc. 61,62…”

Method for the Capture and Quantification of Isoprene and the Determination of Oil Yield during Waste Tire Pyrolysis

“…The increasing production of waste tires has generated various environmental issues related to waste tire management. , Thermochemical conversion of waste tires is considered a promising method for waste tire management as it can achieve both significant volume reduction and energy recovery from waste tires. − Particularly, pyrolysis converts waste tires into high-quality pyrolysis oil and carbon products, largely contributing to the circular economy. − Our recent review has provided a state-of-art overview of waste tire pyrolysis technology and outlined key knowledge gaps, challenges, and future directions for this technology. As identified in our recent review, the lack of an in-depth understanding of the waste tire pyrolysis mechanism is one of the key research gaps limiting the further commercialization of this promising technology.…”

Thermodynamic Modeling and Process Simulation of Kumkol Crude Oil Refining

“…A modern refinery will convert heavy hydrocarbons and lighter gaseous components into these higher-value products due to the significant demand for lighter liquid products for use in internal combustion engines [11]. Light distillates (LPG, gasoline, and naphtha), intermediate distillates (kerosene, jet fuel, and diesel), heavy distillates, and residuum (heavy fuel oil, lubricating oils, wax, and asphalt) are common categories for petroleum products [12]. An important step in the refinery process is blending different feed stocks and adding the appropriate additives.…”