Purpurin exerted antidepressant-like effects on behavior and stress axis reactivity: evidence of serotonergic engagement

Ma, Li; Hu, Pei; Zhang, Junfang; Cui, Wugeng; Zhao, Xin

doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05422-w

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Purpurin is the major active component of Rubia tinctorum L., [ 73 ] a common madder plant, and exhibits various pharmacological activities such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidepressant and neuroprotection activities. [ 74,75 ] In vitro assays suggested that purpurin has inhibitory effect on the aggregation of the Tau‐derived VQIVYK (PHF6) peptide. In vivo experiments demonstrated that purpurin significantly ameliorated the AD‐like neurodegenerative symptoms and rescued neurotoxicity of Tau‐engendered phenotypes by inhibiting Tau accumulation and reducing Tau phosphorylation.…”

Section: Quinones and Its Role In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Chen

Gao

Peng

et al. 2020

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hidden neurological degenerative disease, which main clinical manifestations are cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment and mental disorders. Neuroinflammation is considered as a basic response of the central nervous system. NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3) inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in the release of cytokines, pore formation and ultimately pyroptosis, which has demonstrated one of the critical roles in AD pathogenesis. Inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 is one of the focuses of the research. Therefore, NLRP3 represents an attractive pharmacological target, and discovery compounds with good NLRP3 inhibitory activity are particularly important. Key findings Quinones have good neuroprotective effects and prevent AD, which may be related to their regulation of inflammatory response. The molecular docking was used to explore 12 quinones with AD prevention and treatment and NLRP3. Docking results showed that the combination of anthraquinones and NLRP3 were the best, and the top two chemical compounds were Purpurin and Rhein, which are the most promising NLRP3 inhibitors. Summary These quinones may provide the theoretical basis for finding lead compounds for novel neuroprotective agents. Quinones as NLRP3 inflammasomes inhibitors Da-bao Chen et al.

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Section: Quinones and Its Role In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Chen

Gao

Peng

et al. 2020

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…Immediately after ischemia/reperfusion, vehicle (saline containing 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone (purpurin, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was orally administered to gerbils. The dosage was chosen based on the antidepressant-like effects of 6 mg/kg purpurin treatment in mice [17].…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects of Purpurin Against Ischemic Damage via Anti-inflammatory and MAPK Pathway

Kim

Kwon

Jung

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpurin has various effects, including anti-inflammatory effects, and can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present study, we investigated the effects of purpurin on oxidative stress in HT22 cells and ischemic damage in the hippocampal CA1 region of gerbils. Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was significantly ameliorated by treatment with purpurin, based on changes in cell death, DNA fragmentation, formation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis (Bcl-2)/antiapoptosis (Bax)-related protein levels. In addition, treatment with purpurin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), and p38 signaling in HT22 cells. Transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils led to a significant increase in locomotor activity 1 day after ischemia and significant decrease in number of surviving cells in the CA1 region 4 days after ischemia. Administration of purpurin reduced the travel distance 1 day after ischemia and increased the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of the dentate gyrus 4 days after ischemia. Purpurin treatment significantly decreased microglial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia and ameliorated the ischemia-induced increases in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 6 h after ischemia. In addition, purpurin significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in the hippocampus 1 day after ischemia. These results suggest that purpurin has neuroprotective potential to reduce inflammatory processes and the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in the hippocampus.

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“…Similarly, it produces antidepressant effect by inhibiting MAO-A accountable for the breakdown of serotonin (Ma et al, 2020). Recent studies also advocate the antiadipogenic potential of purpurin where it primarily upregulate AMPK, PPARγ, and C/EBPα genes followed by modulating insulin sensitivity causing weight loss (Nam et al, 2019).…”

Section: Overview Of Molecular Targets Of Purpurinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Purpurin surges the activity of serotonin and suppressed the monoamine oxidase (MAO) accompanying metabolism in the brain. More specifically, the action of purpurin was neutralized by a 5‐HT 1A receptor antagonist, that is, WAY‐100635, however, activated by the selective agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT and a subeffective dose of serotonergic antidepressant fluoxetine (Ma, Hu, Zhang, Cui, & Zhao, 2020). In further studies, purpurin at the IC 50 value of 2.50 μM ( K i = 0.422 μM), was found as a reversible, selective inhibitor of MAO‐A, with no inhibitory activity on MAO‐B.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activities Of Purpurinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpurin: A natural anthraquinone with multifaceted pharmacological activities

Singh

Hussain

Luqman

et al. 2020

Phytotherapy Research

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Purpurin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone isolated from the roots of Rubia cordifolia. Historically, it has been used as a red dye. However, its photosensitizing property and biological effects have deciphered its novel application. Purpurin shows antigenotoxic, anticancer, neuromodulatory, and antimicrobial potential associated with antioxidant action in in vivo and in vitro experiments. A robust antioxidant nature of purpurin is responsible for the majority of its pharmacological effects. It produces anti-inflammatory activity by reducing oxidative stress, which is a fundamental property to target diseases involving endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and produce neuroprotective effects, including antidepressant and anti-Alzheimer action. It shows antimutagenic property via inhibiting essential CYP-450 enzymes. Interestingly, it gets photosensitized by UVlight and produces target-specific ROS-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, it owns cell killing and cell survival potential subject to the influence of external conditions. Hitherto, limited research studies are performed with purpurin to understand its therapeutic potential. Hence, this review describes and discusses different in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies performed using purpurin. It also covers physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology aspects of purpurin. Moreover, in the end, the prospect of purpurin in the management of cancer has also been proposed.

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Purpurin exerted antidepressant-like effects on behavior and stress axis reactivity: evidence of serotonergic engagement

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Neuroprotective Effects of Purpurin Against Ischemic Damage via Anti-inflammatory and MAPK Pathway

Purpurin: A natural anthraquinone with multifaceted pharmacological activities

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