Purposeful Heading in Youth Soccer: A Review

Wahlquist, Victoria E.; Kaminski, Thomas W.

doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01376-8

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The fundamental goal of sensory integration training is to give play to children's initiative, let children wake up and improve their body level through various external intensity stimuli in sensory integration training, and then promote the all-round development of the nervous system [6]. Wahlquist and Kaminski concluded from the study from 1972 to 1981 that sensory integration therapy can improve children's attention and language expression ability, reduce hyperactivity, and improve academic performance for underachievers in childhood [7]. Zouhal and others believed that a game is a unique activity mode suitable for children's characteristics, and it is also the best activity form to promote children's psychological development [8].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the VR Sensor Image Combined with Sports Games in the Treatment of Autistic Children

Wang¹

2022

Journal of Sensors

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In order to study the application of the VR sensor image combined with sports games in the treatment of autistic children, this study mainly takes qualitative research as the main research method and uses physical intervention based on sensory integration training to study autistic children aged 6-9. Three children, A, B, and C, are mainly selected in order to promote the improvement of children’s physical function and motor skills and further have a positive impact on behavior and psychology. By analyzing the effects measured before and after the experiment, this paper explores the impact of sports intervention based on sensory integration training on the motor ability of autistic children over the age of 6, as well as its impact on their sensory integration function, daily behavior, and psychological activities, so as to enrich the empirical research on the content, principles, implementation methods, and specific implementation process of sensory integration training, to provide reference and enlightenment for schools, institutions, and children’s parents engaged in educational intervention for autistic children.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the VR Sensor Image Combined with Sports Games in the Treatment of Autistic Children

Wang¹

2022

Journal of Sensors

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“…Women appear, on average, to have higher PLA from each head impact during play but they experience fewer impacts per hour of play than men, and so their cumulative exposures during a playing career are much lower. This has been highlighted in a number of publications from experimental investigations [37,46] and in previous reviews [67], but not in all such studies [40]. Experimental studies have demonstrated female soccer players have significantly poorer neck strength compared to male players during heading [37,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Systematic Review of Head Impacts and Acceleration Associated with Soccer

Basinas

McElvenny

Pearce

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Epidemiological studies of the neurological health of former professional soccer players are being undertaken to identify whether heading the ball is a risk factor for disease or premature death. A quantitative estimate of exposure to repeated sub-concussive head impacts would provide an opportunity to investigate possible exposure-response relationships. However, it is unclear how to formulate an appropriate exposure metric within the context of epidemiological studies. We have carried out a systematic review of the scientific literature to identify the factors that determine the magnitude of head impact acceleration during experiments and from observations during playing or training for soccer, up to the end of November 2021. Data were extracted from 33 experimental and 27 observational studies from male and female amateur players including both adults and children. There was a high correlation between peak linear and angular accelerations in the observational studies (p < 0.001) although the correlation was lower for the experimental data. We chose to rely on an analysis of maximum or peak linear acceleration for this review. Differences in measurement methodology were identified as important determinants of measured acceleration, and we concluded that only data from accelerometers fixed to the head provided reliable information about the magnitude of head acceleration from soccer-related impacts. Exposures differed between men and women and between children and adults, with women on average experiencing higher acceleration but less frequent impacts. Playing position appears to have some influence on the number of heading impacts but less so on the magnitude of the head acceleration. Head-to-head collisions result in high levels of exposure and thus probably risk causing a concussion. We concluded, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that estimates of the cumulative number of heading impacts over a playing career should be used as the main exposure metric in epidemiological studies of professional players.

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“…This could diverge from the context of collision-related RHI in American football. Heading is a skill that must be learned and integrated into a player's repertoire, potentially over a longer period, heading in youth soccer is less common ( 56 ) and, given lower ball velocity in youth play, may pose less risk for adverse effects than heading by older players. In American tackle football impacts increase in both frequency and magnitude with level of play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of first exposure to soccer heading: Associations with cognitive, clinical, and imaging outcomes in the Einstein Soccer Study

Charney

Ye²,

Fleysher³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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IntroductionThe objective of this study is to assess the role of age at first exposure (AFE) to soccer heading as a predictor of known adverse associations of recent and longer-term heading with brain microstructure, cognitive, and behavioral features among adult amateur soccer players.MethodsThe sample included 276 active amateur soccer players (196 male and 81 female) aged 18–53 years old. AFE to soccer heading was treated as a binary variable, dichotomized at ≤ 10 years vs. >10 years old, based on a recently promulgated US Soccer policy, which bans heading for athletes ages 10 and under.ResultsWe found that soccer players who began heading at age 10 or younger performed better on tests of working memory (p = 0.03) and verbal learning (p = 0.02), while accounting for duration of heading exposure, education, sex, and verbal intelligence. No difference in brain microstructure or behavioral measures was observed between the two exposure groups.DiscussionThe findings indicate that, among adult amateur soccer players, AFE to heading before age 10 compared to later start of heading, is not associated with adverse outcomes, and may be associated with better cognitive performance in young adulthood. Cumulative heading exposure across the lifespan, rather than early life exposure, may drive risk for adverse effects and should be the focus of future longitudinal studies to inform approaches to enhance player safety.

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Purposeful Heading in Youth Soccer: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 71 publications

Application of the VR Sensor Image Combined with Sports Games in the Treatment of Autistic Children

Application of the VR Sensor Image Combined with Sports Games in the Treatment of Autistic Children

A Systematic Review of Head Impacts and Acceleration Associated with Soccer

Age of first exposure to soccer heading: Associations with cognitive, clinical, and imaging outcomes in the Einstein Soccer Study

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