Purpose of Protective Relays and Relaying

Warrington, A. R. van C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6459-7_1

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thanks to this, the estimation of the fault position is focused on the analysis of the imaginary part of the measures. Figure 14 and Equation (5) shows this procedure, one of its most basic and easier approach (using the reactive component method [43]).…”

Section: Fault Location Methods and Distributed Sensor Network Appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Fault Location Sensor Network for Underground Distribution Lines

Parejo

Personal

Larios

et al. 2019

Sensors

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One of the fundamental tasks of electric distribution utilities is guaranteeing a continuous supply of electricity to their customers. The primary distribution network is a critical part of these facilities because a fault in it could affect thousands of customers. However, the complexity of this network has been increased with the irruption of distributed generation, typical in a Smart Grid and which has significantly complicated some of the analyses, making it impossible to apply traditional techniques. This problem is intensified in underground lines where access is limited. As a possible solution, this paper proposes to make a deployment of a distributed sensor network along the power lines. This network proposes taking advantage of its distributed character to support new approaches of these analyses. In this sense, this paper describes the aquiculture of the proposed network (adapted to the power grid) based on nodes that use power line communication and energy harvesting techniques. In this sense, it also describes the implementation of a real prototype that has been used in some experiments to validate this technological adaptation. Additionally, beyond a simple use for monitoring, this paper also proposes the use of this approach to solve two typical distribution system operator problems, such as: fault location and failure forecasting in power cables.

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Section: Fault Location Methods and Distributed Sensor Network Appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Fault Location Sensor Network for Underground Distribution Lines

Parejo

Personal

Larios

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…T HE methods to set the reach of distance relays can be classified in: 1) traditional [1]- [11]; 2) based on expert systems [12]- [15]; 3) adaptive [6]- [8], [15]- [19]; 4) based on optimization [7], [19]- [21]; and 5) probabilistic [22]. Traditional methods are based on simple rules, especially for the reactive reach on solid faults [1]- [5], [7]- [11]. Traditional methods seldom consider the independent setting of the resistive reach, and they usually do it with very simple rules, calculating a typical fault resistance and using it directly [1], [4], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal-Probabilistic Method to Compute the Reach Settings of Distance Relays

Sorrentino

Andrade

2011

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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This paper presents a novel method to optimize the settings of the resistive and reactive reaches of the zones of the distance relays. The method considers the probabilistic behavior of the variables that affect the apparent impedance seen by relays: prefault load flow, fault type, faulted line, distance up to the fault, fault resistance, and measurement errors. The optimization has been conceptually formulated as a multiobjective problem, with two objective functions: 1) minimize the probability of loss of sensitivity and 2) minimize the probability of loss of selectivity. To solve this problem, a preference function is defined, which is equal to the weighted sum of the two objective functions. A factor of weight represents the relative importance of selectivity regarding the sensitivity, and it is selected for each zone. This method was applied to a system with 7 busbars (3 of them with generation), where there are 18 distance relays with quadrilateral characteristic, and with an independent setting of the reactive and resistive reaches for the phase distance function and the ground distance function. The results obtained are compared with the results of other methods of adjustment.

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“…An estimation of the fault location can be derived by means of the apparent impedance approach [17]. Instead of dealing with the original voltages and currents, approximated versions of these signals are used to find out the fundamental components via a 1-cycle windowed Fourier transform.…”

Section: A On the Fault Analysis Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault analysis using Gegenbauer multiresolution analysis

Soares

Oliveira

2004 IEEE/PES Transmision and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America (IEEE Cat. No. 04EX956)

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Abstract-This paper exploits the multiresolution analysis in the fault analysis on transmission lines. Faults were simulated using the ATP (Alternative Transient Program), considering signals at 128/cycle. A nonorthogonal multiresolution analysis was provided by Gegenbauer scaling and wavelet filters. In the cases where the signal reconstruction is not required, orthogonality may be immaterial. Gegenbauer filter banks are thereby offered in this paper as a tool for analyzing fault signals on transmission lines. Results are compared to those ones derived from a 4-coefficient Daubechies filter. The main advantages in favor of Gegenbauer filters are their smaller computational effort and their constant group delay, as they are symmetric filters.

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Purpose of Protective Relays and Relaying

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Monitoring and Fault Location Sensor Network for Underground Distribution Lines

Monitoring and Fault Location Sensor Network for Underground Distribution Lines

Optimal-Probabilistic Method to Compute the Reach Settings of Distance Relays

Fault analysis using Gegenbauer multiresolution analysis

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