Purple drank : un dangereux cocktail à connaître

Garcin, Laure; Roch, M; Agbessi, C.-A.; Lobut, Jean‐Bruno; Lecoeur, Anne; Benoist, G.

doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2016.08.007

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This state was followed by constant aggressive agitation, acute delusion and visual hallucinations for 36 hours, determining an increase in Creatine Phosphokinase. The other subject (male), after the assumption of the same codeine/promethazine cocktail and massive doses of alcohol and cannabis, presented drowsiness, confusion and visual hallucinations, all of which normalized after a few hours (Garcin et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the six eligible articles found, five examined the abuse and effects of Purple Drank and other drugs on young adults (Table 1). Garcin et al (2016) reported the effects of Purple Drank on three adolescents analyzed in two different cases. In the first, a couple of youngsters were found in an initial state of drowsiness, followed by hallucinations and anticholinergic toxidrome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to Garcin et al (2016), four articles investigated the Purple Drank phenomenon from epidemiological points of view. Jouanjus and Falcou (2018) administered questionnaires to 19 pharmacists in France in order to detect unusual requests of nonprescription drugs of customers, focusing on the population under 26 years of age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these studies appear heterogeneous in their methods, they are useful to describe the phenomenon of PD, and to understand the impact it has on society. Garcin et al (2016), focusing on the medical aspects, reports a kind of intoxication in which no other drug or substance seems to be involved (the assumption of marijuana was very low in dosage). The abuse of PD may be a potentially lethal condition, characterized by alteration of consciousness, aggressive agitation, acute delusions, visual hallucinations and anticholinergic toxidrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

“Purple Drank” (Codeine and Promethazine Cough Syrup): A Systematic Review of a Social Phenomenon with Medical Implications

Miuli

Stigliano

Lalli

et al. 2020

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the early 1990s, several studies reported the misuse of codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup. Since then, the combination of this pharmaceutical, together with sprite or alcohol, known on the streets as "purple drank" or "lean", has become a popular drug among rap singers who promote its tranquilizing and euphoric effects through their music and videos. This review examines the "purple drank" phenomenon, taking into consideration its clinical and social implications. The study was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as search engines, applying several inclusion and exclusion criteria and the string "Purple AND drank", resulting in 138 records. Seven papers that met our criteria were found. The risk of bias assessment, when applicable, was also considered, resulting in a low level of risk. Epidemiological data highlighted a heterogeneous diffusion of the misuse of this mixture, which is not exclusively linked to a specific type of user (African-American teenagers, athletes, and rappers), as previously reported in American newspapers and in the social media. New digital tools should be taken into consideration for further social and medical evaluations of this phenomenon.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

“Purple Drank” (Codeine and Promethazine Cough Syrup): A Systematic Review of a Social Phenomenon with Medical Implications

Miuli

Stigliano

Lalli

et al. 2020

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Diversion of cough syrups in a recreational context has been increasingly described at the international level 6 . In France, scheduling codeine, dextromethorphan, ethylmorphine and noscapine occurred in the contexts of: (i) problematic drug use of codeine tablets indicated as antalgic; and (ii) an expansion of the purple drank phenomenon among adolescents and young adults, in parallel with the reporting of serious intoxications (including 2 deaths in minors in 2017) 7–11 . By contrast, the reclassification of pholcodine occurred earlier in 2011, due to an allergic cross‐reactivity with curare 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical prescription forms of opioid cough suppressants falsified by the patients before and after they switched from over‐the‐counter to prescription‐only in France

Jouanjus

Gibaja

Fabre

et al. 2021

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The French Ministry of Health scheduled opioid cough suppressants as prescription-only drugs on 12 July 2017. The present study assessed the impact of this regulation on the diversion modalities of the concerned drugs and the related drug pholcodine by analysing the national OSIAP (Ordonnances Suspectes Indicateur d'Abus Possible) database. Methods: Medical prescriptions with at least 1 mention of codeine, dextromethorphan, ethylmorphine, noscapine or pholcodine for cough suppression recorded in 2013-2019 were extracted from OSIAP. Annual mentioning rates were estimated by dividing numbers of mentions over those of prescriptions recorded the year considered. A descriptive analysis compared the characteristics of prescriptions before and after 12 July 2017.Results: Overall, 832 mentions of the requested drugs were retrieved on 827 prescription forms. Codeine was the most frequent (n = 809, 8.7%) with 6 additional mentions of codeine/ethylmorphine combination, followed by dextromethorphan (n = 11, 0.1%) and pholcodine (n = 6, 0.1%). There was no mention of noscapine.Annual mentioning rates varied between 0 and 0.3% for all drugs except codeine.Codeine mentioning rates ranged between 0.3% (n = 2) and 0.7% (n = 9) before 12 July 2017 and increased to 10.1% (n = 61) thereafter in 2017, 16.1% (n = 314) in 2018, and 19.8% (n = 414) in 2019. The profile of subjects evolved accordingly with an increased male/female ratio (10.0 vs. 1.5 before) and decreased age (23 vs. 40 y before, P < .001).Discussion: The sharp increase of recourse to falsified prescription forms indicates that codeine diversion continues despite restricted access, whereas the other drugs studied do not seem to have been impacted.

show abstract

Codeine/promethazine

2016

Reactions Weekly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purple drank : un dangereux cocktail à connaître

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

“Purple Drank” (Codeine and Promethazine Cough Syrup): A Systematic Review of a Social Phenomenon with Medical Implications

“Purple Drank” (Codeine and Promethazine Cough Syrup): A Systematic Review of a Social Phenomenon with Medical Implications

Medical prescription forms of opioid cough suppressants falsified by the patients before and after they switched from over‐the‐counter to prescription‐only in France

Codeine/promethazine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About