Purple coneflower viruses: species diversity and harmfulness

Abstract

Viral diseases became an actual problem in medicinal plants cultivation. The number of viruses known to infect purple conefl ower increased signifi cantly in the last years in many countries. However, there is no any review about the viral diseases of this valuable medicinal crop. Therefore, the aim of this article is to summarize the main information about the viruses affecting purple conefl ower plants (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench.). An analysis of the literature data showed that purple conefl ower could be infected by 10 viruses. These viruses belong to the families Bromoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Secoviridae, Potyviridae, Vir ga vi ri dae, and almost all of them are considered to be highly harmful plant viruses. Additionally, four of them (TMV, TSWV, CMV, PVY) are in the top 10 of the most economically important plant viruses in the world and occupy the fi rst places. The data from a few countries show that the viral diseases of purple conefl ower are becoming more severe from year to year. The appearance of new viruses is registered on conefl ower every year that complicates prognosis and risk estimation of epiphytoties in these regions which, for example, were revealed in Bulgaria, Lithuania and Ukraine. This review presents the detailed symptoms of the viral diseases in purple conefl ower, the main properties of each virus and data about their harmful effect on the plant metabolism and on the quality of raw material (the concentration of biologically active substances and heavy metals in plants). K e y w o r d s: purple conefl ower, plant viruses, species diversity, biologically active substances, hea vy metals.

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND FRUCTOSANS IN YACON (Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & Endl.) CULTIVAR INTRODUCED IN UKRAINE, AND IN OTHER Asteraceae PLANTS AS INFLUENCED BY GROWTH CONDITIONS, VIRAL AND PHYTOPHAGE INJURY

“…This demonstrates the declining quality of medicinal plants. Similar results were obtained by us and by foreign authors for other medicinal plants [38][39][40][41][42].…”

NEW APPROACHES IN GROWING TECHNOLOGY OF Valeriana officinalis L. UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

“…The shortage of valerian medicinal raw materials in the domestic pharmaceutical market is compensated by import of this plant (Pryvedeniuk et al, 2016). It is known that the medicinal plants raw materials quality can be significantly affected by viruses (Dunich and Mishchenko, 2015;.…”