Purinergic Transmission

Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3177-3_3

Cited by 47 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…For example, Burnstock (1975) proposed that the sacral parasympathetic fibres to the distal colon and rectum could synapse with non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neurones as well as excitatory neurones located in the intrinsic plexus. This proposal is consistent with earlier observations that electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves sometimes produces relaxation of the rectum and elicits inhibitory junctional potentials (Langley & Anderson, 1895;Gonella & Gardette, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

Groat¹,

Krier²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

108

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SUMMARY1. The sacral parasympathetic outflow to the large intestine of the cat was studied by monitoring simultaneously intestinal motility and the efferent firing in postganglionic fibres on the serosal surface of the mid-distal colon.2. Increases in efferent firing were noted during the occurrence of spontaneous propulsive activity (tonic pressure waves) or segmental contractions (slow rhythmic pressure waves). The neural discharge was not altered by transaction of the lumbar sympathetic innervation to the colon but was blocked by interruption of the sacral parasympathetic outflow.3. Electrical stimulation of pelvic nerve afferents arising in the colon or distension of the colon or rectum evoked reflex increases in efferent firing and sustained propulsive contractions that were associated with defaecation. Both responses were abolished by transaction of the pelvic nerves or sacral dorsal roots.4. Electrical stimulation of colonic afferent fibres also evoked synchronous reflex discharges in colonic efferents at latencies ranging from 180 to 300 msec. The discharges were enhanced during propulsive contractions, abolished by transaction of the pelvic nerves but not altered by transaction of the lumbar sympathetic nerves.5. Sacral reflexes were present in cats with intact spinal cord and in chronic spinal animals transactionn at T10-T12). The reflexes recovered within minutes to several hours after acute transaction of the spinal cord.6. Electrophysiological measurements indicated that the sacral reflexes to the large intestine were mediated by non-myelinated afferent and preganglionic efferent fibres. The central delay for the reflex was estimated to be 45-60 msec.7. It is concluded that the sacral parasympathetic reflexes to the large intestine are mediated via a spinal pathway and have an essential role in the initiation of propulsive activity during defaecation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

Groat¹,

Krier²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

108

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“…1967). Since then, i.j.p.s have been recorded in many different tissues in response to stimulation of extrinsic parasympathetic or intramural nerves (see Burnstock 1975b). The presence of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves has thus been established throughout the gastrointestinal tract of many vertebrate species (Burnstock, Campbell & Rand, 1966;Campbell & Burnstock, 1968) as well as in other organs including lung, urinary bladder, trachea, oesophagus, anococcygeus, seminal vesicles and parts of the cardiovascular system (see Burnstock, 1969Burnstock, , 1979bFurness & Costa, 1973).…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A) Purine nucleotides Full reviews of the evidence that ATP or a related nucleotide is an autonomic neurotransmitter can be found in Burnstock, 1972Burnstock, , 1975bBurnstock, and 1979b (a) Synthesis and storage, of ATP. Both ATP and the enzyme systems that synthesize ATP occur ubiquitously in cells, so that it is not contentious that non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves are able to produce and contain ATP.…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Review lecture. Neurotransmitters and trophic factors in the autonomic nervous system.

Burnstock¹

1981

The Journal of Physiology

372

145

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“…Adenosine and its nucleotides, adenosine 5' monophosphate (AMP) and triphosphate (ATP) probably have important functions in the central nervous system either as neurotransmitters, or in a more generalised neuromodulatory role (Burnstock, 1972;1975;Mcllwain, 1972;Stone, 1978). One of the effects of these compounds which has received much attention to date is their ability to inhibit transmitter release from nerve terminals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine Inhibition of Γ‐aminobutyric Acid Release From Slices of Rat Cerebral Cortex

Hollins

Stone

1980

British J Pharmacology

157

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1 The effect of purine compounds on the potassium-evoked release of '4C-labelled y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been studied in 400 gm slices of rat cerebral cortex in vitro. 2 Adenosine and adenosine 5' monophosphate (AMP) inhibited the release of GABA at 10-5 to 10-' M. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced a significant inhibition of release only at 10-' M.3 Theophylline i0-' or 10'-M reduced the inhibitory effect of adenosine, but did not change basal release of GABA. 4 Dipyridamole 10'5 M itself reduced evoked GABA release, but did not prevent the inhibitory effect of adenosine, implying that adenosine was acting at an extracellularly directed receptor. 5 Calcium removal or antagonism by verapamil reduced the evoked release of GABA, but adenosine did not produce any further reduction of the calcium-independent release. This may indicate that the inhibitory effect of adenosine on GABA release results from interference with calcium influx or availability within the terminals.

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Purinergic Transmission

Cited by 47 publications

References 260 publications

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

The sacral parasympathetic reflex pathway regulating colonic motility and defaecation in the cat.

Review lecture. Neurotransmitters and trophic factors in the autonomic nervous system.

Adenosine Inhibition of Γ‐aminobutyric Acid Release From Slices of Rat Cerebral Cortex

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