Purinergic signalling in the urinary bladder

Expressions of urothelial functional proteins in idiopathic detrusor overactivity patients refractory to antimuscarinic therapy with different urodynamic characteristics

“…During bladder filling, distension of the bladder wall induces ATP release from the umbrella cells, and thus activates P 2 X 3 receptors on afferent nerve terminals in suburothelium to evoke neural responses and to mediate the sensation of bladder filling and urgency. 14,15 In present study, increased mucosal PGP9.5 and P 2 X 3 expression levels were noted in patients with phasic DO but not in terminal DO as compared to control. From the VUDS data, phasic DO patients had lower FSF and FS volume than terminal DO (P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively).…”

“…In addition, many researches also proposed that increased urinary ATP is the pathogenesis of OAB syndromes. During bladder filling, distension of the bladder wall induces ATP release from the umbrella cells, and thus activates P 2 X 3 receptors on afferent nerve terminals in suburothelium to evoke neural responses and to mediate the sensation of bladder filling and urgency …”

Bladder pain induced by prolonged peripheral alpha 1A adrenoceptor stimulation involves the enhancement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activity and an increase of urothelial adenosine triphosphate release

“…The mechanisms of urothelial ATP release are still a matter of debate, Ca 2+ -dependent exocytosis and the release through pannexin-1 being the most accepted hypothesis (Andersson 2015). Curiously, alpha 1 adrenoceptors present in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels are known to mediate ATP release through pannexin-1 (Billaud et al 2011(Billaud et al , 2015.…”

Investigating the associations of mucosal P2Y6 receptor expression and urinary ATP and ADP concentrations, with symptoms of overactive bladder

“…Given that symptoms are associated with urine storage, research has focused on mechanisms underlying the perception of bladder fullness. Distension of the urothelium during filling elicits nonneuronal release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 3 which activates P2X3 and P2X2/3 purinoceptors on suburothelial nerve afferents 4 . Upregulation of ATP release has been demonstrated in in vitro preparations from patients with idiopathic OAB with detrusor overactivity (DO) 5 and manifests in increased urinary ATP concentration 6 …”

“…Distension of the urothelium during filling elicits nonneuronal release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 3 which activates P2X3 and P2X2/3 purinoceptors on suburothelial nerve afferents. 4 Upregulation of ATP release has been demonstrated in in vitro preparations from patients with idiopathic OAB with detrusor overactivity (DO) 5 and manifests in increased urinary ATP concentration. 6 Release of ATP is itself likely to be modulated by P2Y purinoceptors; although the majority of the evidence for this comes from animal studies.…”