Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of These Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion

Freeman, Tracey; Swartz, Talia H.

doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0299.v1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 80 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The frequency of CD73+ CD8+ T cells is inversely associated with cell activation and plasma viral load [172]. PANX-1 hemichannel opening, activation of P2Y2R, P2X1R are involved in the mediating the effective viral entry and replication in CD4 or target cells [173][174][175]. Blocking the P2X1 and P2X7 receptors inhibits the viral entry and fusion [176].…”

Section: Purinergic Signaling During Bacterial and Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases

Rai¹

2022

Purinergic System

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Purine derivatives like adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is the powerhouse of the cell and is essential to maintain the cellular homeostasis and activity. Besides this they also act as a chemical messenger when released into the extracellular milieu because of stress and cellular insult. The extracellular ATP (eATP) as well as its metabolite adenosine triggers purinergic signaling affecting various cellular processes such as cytokine and chemokine production, immune cell function, differentiation, and maturation, and mediates inflammatory activity. Aberrant purinergic signaling had been implicated in several diseased conditions. This chapter will focus on the dynamics of purinergic signaling and immune signaling in driving under various diseased conditions like autoimmunity and infectious disease.

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Section: Purinergic Signaling During Bacterial and Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases

Rai¹

2022

Purinergic System

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The Role of Pannexin-1 Channels in HIV and NeuroHIV Pathogenesis

Hernandez

Eugenin

2022

Cells

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The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) enters the brain shortly after infection, leading to long-term neurological complications in half of the HIV-infected population, even in the current anti-retroviral therapy (ART) era. Despite decades of research, no biomarkers can objectively measure and, more importantly, predict the onset of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Several biomarkers have been proposed; however, most of them only reflect late events of neuronal damage. Our laboratory recently identified that ATP and PGE2, inflammatory molecules released through Pannexin-1 channels, are elevated in the serum of HIV-infected individuals compared to uninfected individuals and other inflammatory diseases. More importantly, high circulating ATP levels, but not PGE2, can predict a decline in cognition, suggesting that HIV-infected individuals have impaired ATP metabolism and associated signaling. We identified that Pannexin-1 channel opening contributes to the high serological ATP levels, and ATP in the circulation could be used as a biomarker of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. In addition, we believe that ATP is a major contributor to chronic inflammation in the HIV-infected population, even in the anti-retroviral era. Here, we discuss the mechanisms associated with Pannexin-1 channel opening within the circulation, as well as within the resident viral reservoirs, ATP dysregulation, and cognitive disease observed in the HIV-infected population.

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Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of These Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion

Cited by 2 publications

References 80 publications

Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases

Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases

The Role of Pannexin-1 Channels in HIV and NeuroHIV Pathogenesis

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