Purine Metabolites in Gout and Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Analysis by HPLC–Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Zhao, Jiyuan; Liang, Qionglin; Luo, Guoan; Wang, Yiming; Zuo, Yanjia; Jiang, Mao; Yu, Gui‐Lan; Zhang, Ting

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.040261

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hypoxanthine and xanthine, the metabolic precursors of uric acid, are presumably the best alternative indicators for uric acid and were determined with urate in serum by a strictly validated method established in this study, and the Student t test was performed on the comparison between four groups of gout patients, gout patients with hyperuricemia, gout patients without hyperuricemia, and healthy persons. The result shows that there are 76 cases with serum uric acid level within a normal range in the 101 gout cases and there was no significant difference between the average serum uric acid of gout patients and healthy persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen that urate is the final product of purine metabolism in vivo, and there is a close relationship between xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid. Xanthine and hypoxanthine are both the precursor metabolites of uric acid in the purine metabolic pathway and surveys such as that conducted by Zhao et al(2005) have shown that xanthine and hypoxanthine concentrations increase in gout patients whose uric acid level is shown to be abnormal high . However, researchers have not treated this phenomenon in much detail that cases with high uric acid level were discussed only, while those with normouricemia were not involved, and which is essential for using xanthine and hypoxanthine as diadynamic criteria replacements for uric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the diagnosis of gout with xanthine and hypoxanthine

Wang

Deng

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Hyperuricemia is the only biochemical index in the classification of acute gouty arthritis in American Rheumatism Association 1977 and the main basis of clinical diagnosis for most doctors. However, nearly half of the time gout occurs without hyperuricemia, especially in an acute attack，which leads to an urgent need to find a new substitute diadynamic criteria of gout. Xanthine and hypoxanthine, as precursors of uric acid, have been reported to be high in gout patients with hyperuricemia and presumed to be gout biomarkers. Objectives To further explore the possibility of xanthine and hypoxanthine to be gout biomarkers as substitutes for uric acid. Methods A reversed‐phase HPLC‐UV method was employed for simultaneous quantitative detection of uric acid (UA), xanthine (X), and hypoxanthine (HX) in gout patients’ (with and without hyperuricemia) and healthy persons’ serum. Results The xanthine and hypoxanthine concentrations in gout patients with hyperuricemia and without hyperuricemia are higher than in healthy persons with a P < 0.001. Conclusions This study supplements previous researches by confirming that xanthine and hypoxanthine are significantly elevated in gout patients’ serum especially in patients’ with normouricemia, which supported xanthine and hypoxanthine may have clinical application for the diagnosis of gout.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the diagnosis of gout with xanthine and hypoxanthine

Wang

Deng

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…Alterations in the urine concentrations of purine metabolites are used in human medicine to screen for disease, identify risk, as well as to monitor for disease progression (Zhao and others 2005, Cipriani and others 2010). The data in this study support our hypothesis that several systemic diseases in dogs, like in human beings, are associated with alterations in urinary concentrations of purine metabolites, and thus, require further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Purine biomarkers are used in a variety of human diseases including gout (Moriwaki and others 2001, Zhao and others 2005), urolithiasis (Ngo and Assimos 2007), liver disease (Li and others 2009, Afzali and others 2010), kidney disease (Kaneko and others 1989), hyperadrenocorticism (Faggiano and others 2003), Parkinson's disease (Cipriani 2010) as well as respiratory and cardiac disease (Sahebjani 1998, Tamariz and others 2011). Measurement of purine biomarkers allows for early detection of disease and early therapeutic intervention which can have dramatic effects on human patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of disease on the urinary purine metabolite concentrations in dogs

Rivara¹,

Johnson

Lulich³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Record

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This prospective study was designed to determine the urinary concentrations of purine metabolites in healthy and diseased dogs. The goals were to test the hypothesis that urine concentrations of terminal purine metabolites will identify dogs with diseases that disturb purine degradation. Five hundred and sixty-three client-owned dogs admitted sequentially to the veterinary medical centre were included. Dogs were divided into groups on the basis of their disease. Urine concentrations of xanthine, uric acid, allantoin and creatinine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Xanthine and uric acid to creatinine ratios were significantly increased in dogs with chronic kidney disease (p = 0.01). The uric acid to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in dogs with cancer compared with clinically healthy dogs (p = 0.04), and significantly increased in dogs receiving chemotherapy for their disease (p < 0.01). Compared to clinically healthy dogs, xanthine and uric acid to creatinine ratios were significantly increased in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (p < 0.01, and 0.04, respectively). Therefore, the results of this study found that the urinary concentrations of purine metabolites in dogs are significantly impacted by systemic disease. Cancer, chronic kidney disease, and hyperadrenocorticism are associated with altered concentrations of urinary purine metabolites in dogs.

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“…Several methods have been used to detect these metabolites, for example LC [6][7][8][9][10], CE [11], LC-MS [8,12,13], and GC-MS [14,15]. These methods have a variety of limitations, however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous LC–UV–MS–MS Analysis of Nine Pivotal Metabolites in Human Serum: Application to Studies of Impaired Glucose Tolerance

et al. 2011

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A rapid, sensitive, and selective LC-UV-MS-MS method for simultaneous quantification of uric acid, creatinine, xanthine, creatine, hypoxanthine, adenosine, inosine, thymidine, and uridine in serum from patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) has been developed and validated. After precipitation of protein in the serum with methanol samples were evaporated with a stream of nitrogen then reconstituted with aqueous ammonia (0.002 mol L -1 ). Chromatographic separation was performed on a C 18 column with methanol-buffer (8 mmol L -1 ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 6.1 with glacial acetic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min -1 . UV and MS-MS detection were used to quantify the metabolites on the basis of different concentrations and detector response. Linearity was excellent, with r 2 no \0.998. Recovery, and intra-day and interday relative standard deviation (RSD) were [85, \10, and \10%, respectively. This reliable bioanalytical method enables evaluation of the levels of purines and pyrimidines in serum for IGT studies and diagnosis.

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Purine Metabolites in Gout and Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Analysis by HPLC–Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Study on the diagnosis of gout with xanthine and hypoxanthine

Study on the diagnosis of gout with xanthine and hypoxanthine

The effect of disease on the urinary purine metabolite concentrations in dogs

Simultaneous LC–UV–MS–MS Analysis of Nine Pivotal Metabolites in Human Serum: Application to Studies of Impaired Glucose Tolerance

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