Purine Bases Oxidation and Repair Following Permethrin Insecticide Treatment in Rat Heart Cells

Abstract

Pollutants including insecticides have been recently reported to be a risk factor involved in various diseases. Permethrin, a member of the family of synthetic pyrethroids, is widely used as insecticide in agriculture and other domestic applications. To investigate possible cardiotoxicity, we had examined different concentrations of permethrin on the freshly isolated rat heart cells using the alkaline comet assay. A significant difference in % tail DNA between all concentrations of permethrin (5, 10, 20 microM) and vehicle (control) without enzymes and with Fpg-treated cells were measured. The results indicated that permethrin induced oxidative damage to purine bases in the heart cells. Pyrimidines oxidation was evaluated using Endonuclease III (Endo III), but the results did not reveal any significant changes. After permethrin exposure, cells were studied to evaluate their DNA repair capacity. A complete DNA repair at 10 and 20 microM was measured after 30 and 60 min of repair intervals. Significant change in plasma membrane fluidity at different depths of bilayer was measured following permethrin treatment. Membrane fluidity in the hydrophilic-hydrophobic region was reduced, while the hydrophobic inner resulted more fluid following permethrin treatment of heart cells. This work points to standardize conditions applicable to ex vivo cells following in vivo treatment in order to study the cardiotoxicity of insecticide.

Protective effects of resveratrol on permethrin-induced fetotoxicity in rats

“…Romero and his team showed that Cypermethrin, one of the prethyroid insecticides, causes apoptotic, necrotic and autophagic cell death by inducing oxidative stress that causes DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells (Romero et al, 2017). Although the target organs of prethyroids are different, Perm-mediated oxidative stress has been shown in humans and animals caused neurotoxicity (Nasuti et al, 2014), hepatotoxicity (Roma et al, 2012), nephrotoxicity (Guvenc et al, 2013), immunotoxicity (Jin et al, 2010), cardiotoxicity (Dhivya Vadhana et al, 2010). However, Res is a molecule that shows antioxidant potential by destroying free radicals, binding metal ions, decreasing the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species, and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (Chen et al, 2023).…”

Trans‐ovo permethrin exposure affects growth, brain morphology and cardiac development in quail

“…Neonatal exposure also caused cardiotoxicity, reduced heart size, and increased calcium influx in cardiac cells that was apparent much later in life (500 days old) 23 . When isolated rat heart cells were incubated with permethrin, DNA damage and physiochemical changes were observed 24,25 . Permethrin exposure can also have intergenerational effects.…”

“…Although not extensively studied, research shows exposure to pyrethroid compounds at doses below those that have effects in adults can negatively affect early development in mammalian models, causing changes in skeletal, brain, and heart morphology. 12,14,[21][22][23][24][25] Oral administration of permethrin or deltamethrin, another pyrethroid commonly used as a pesticide, in pregnant rats and rabbits caused greater loss of developing fetuses, reduced fetal body weight and limb size, high frequencies of fetal skeletal abnormalities, and fetal microcephaly, microphthalmia, and tissue necrosis of the brain. 14,21 Treatment of neonatal rats with permethrin impaired long-term memory, 12 and caused changes in gene expression in the brain.…”

“…23 When isolated rat heart cells were incubated with permethrin, DNA damage and physiochemical changes were observed. 24,25 Permethrin exposure can also have intergenerational effects. Offspring of adult rats that were exposed to permethrin showed decreased global DNA methylation and reduced dopamine levels in the brain.…”