Purified Clinoptilolite-Tuff as an Efficient Sorbent for Gluten Derived from Food

Abstract

Various gluten-related diseases (celiac disease, wheat allergy, gluten sensitivity) are known and their incidence is growing. Gluten is a specific type of plant storage protein that can impair the health of gluten-prone persons following consumption, depending on the origin. The most severe effects are induced by wheat, barley, and rye. The only treatment is based on the absolute avoidance of those foods, as even traces might have severe effects on human well-being. With the goal of binding gluten impurities after ingestion, an in vitro setting was created. A special processed kind of zeolite, purified clinoptilolite-tuff (PCT), was implemented as an adsorber of gluten derived from different origins. Zeolites are known for their excellent sorption capacities and their applications in humans and animals have been studied for a long time. Tests were also performed in artificial gastric and intestinal fluids, and the adsorption capacity was determined via a certified validated method (ELISA). Depending on the kind of gluten source, 80–130 µg/mg of gluten were bound onto PCT. Hence, purified clinoptilolite-tuff, which was successfully tested for wheat, barley, and rye, proved to be suitable for the adsorption of gluten originating from different kinds of crops. This result might form the basis for an expedient human study in the future.

Purified Clinoptilolite-Tuff as an Efficient Sorbent for Food-Derived Peanut Allergens

“…In addition to the previous experiments, it was of special interest to ascertain whether the adsorption characteristics differed from those observed with gluten allergen [ 26 ]. To this end, PCT was incubated with almost equal concentrations of peanut protein or gluten, as well as with peanut protein and gluten mixed in an equal ratio.…”

“…In addition to the previous experiments, it was of special interest to ascertain whether the adsorption characteristics differed from those observed with gluten allergen [26]. To Figure 8.…”

“…The following health-relevant heavy metals were sorbed to PCT: nickel, cadmium, cesium, barium, thallium, and lead in vitro [ 19 ]; in addition, lead was also used in human studies [ 18 , 24 ]. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated the binding of miscellaneous organic material to PCT: Clostridium difficile toxins A and B [ 25 ], gluten [ 26 ], and different coronavirus family members, including SARS-CoV-2 [ 27 ].…”

“…Some peanut allergens belong to the superfamily of prolamins, which are a major component of gluten. In a previous study, these were successfully subjected to PCT binding [ 26 ].…”

Sorption of Natural Siderophores onto Clinoptilolite-Tuff and Its Controlled-Release Characteristics

“…The remarkably fast sorption character of the clinoptilolite-tuff was reported earlier by Haemmerle et al [24] for the adsorption of various heavy metals and Samekova et al [25] for the removal of toxic lead in a clinical trial. Sarmah et al [34] described the sorption of herbicides from aquatic solution onto zeolite within 10 min; Ranftler et al [35] documented the adsorption of gluten onto a purified version of the Slovak clinoptilolite-tuff even within 4 min.…”