Purification of urine for quantification of the complete estrogen profile

Fotsis, Theodore; Järvenpää, Paula; Adlercreutz, Herman

doi:10.1016/0022-4731(80)90314-3

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In particular, although ascorbic acid has traditionally been added to urine specimens to protect catechol estrogens from oxidation (16), there was no evidence that catechol estrogens were more stable in the presence of ascorbic acid. In fact, our data suggest that added ascorbate may change EM concentrations, as evidenced by the possible conversion of 4-methoxyestradiol (−5.7% decrease over 24 h) into 4-methoxyestrone (6.6% increase over 24 h) in one set of urine samples stored at 4°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples may undergo multiple freeze-thaw cycles as aliquots are prepared in the volumes required for various research projects. Addition of ascorbic acid at 0.1% (w/v) has traditionally been used to stabilize urinary EM and prevent oxidation of the catechol estrogens during processing and storage(16). However, to our knowledge, its utility has not been systematically evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of 15 Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Urine Samples under Processing and Storage Conditions Typically Used in Epidemiologic Studies

Fuhrman

Falk

et al. 2010

Int J Biol Markers

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Background In preparation for large-scale epidemiologic studies of the role of estrogen metabolism in the etiology of breast and other cancers, we examined the stability of estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) in urine during processing and storage protocols. Methods Fifteen EM were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in first morning urines from three premenopausal women. Linear regression was used to model log EM concentrations for each woman, with and without adding ascorbic acid (0.1% w/v), during storage at 4 °C (7–8 time-points, up to 48 h), during long-term storage at −80 °C (10 time-points, up to 1 y) and by freeze-thaw cycles (up to 3). Results Without ascorbic acid, concentrations (pmol/mL) of nearly all EM changed <1% per 24 h of storage at 4 °C, and <1% during storage at −80 °C for one year; similarly, thawing and refreezing samples three times was not consistently associated with losses for any EM. Ascorbic acid had no clear beneficial effect on EM stability in these experiments. Conclusions Given the large inter-individual variability in urinary EM concentrations, changes of the magnitude observed here are unlikely to cause substantial misclassification. Furthermore, processing and storage conditions studied here are adequate for use in epidemiologic studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of 15 Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Urine Samples under Processing and Storage Conditions Typically Used in Epidemiologic Studies

Fuhrman

Falk

et al. 2010

Int J Biol Markers

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“…Approximately 0.4 lg E2, 1.25 lg of E3 and 0.5 lg E1 is eliminated in faeces per day (Adlercreutz et al 1994). Fotsis et al (1980) reported a daily excretion in urine of unconjugated forms as 3.0 lg of E2, 8.0 lg of E1 and 4.8 lg of E3. Calculations for the percentage contribution to the total excretion of both conjugated and unconjugated natural estrogens and the synthetic EE2, are shown in Figure 1, illustrating that pregnant women contribute the most estrogens to the total excreted amount.…”

Section: Excretion Of Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence and Fate of Estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol in STPs for Domestic Wastewater

Mes

Zeeman

Lettinga

2005

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

127

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Estrone (E1), 17b-estradiol (E2) and 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2) discharged from sewage treatment plants (STPs) into surface waters, are seen as a threat effecting aquatic life by its estrogenic character. Therefore, much research is conducted on the fate and removal of these compounds. Since these compounds are present in influents and effluents in the ng/l range, methods for detection deserve special attention. Most important processes that play a role in the removal of estrogens are: adsorption, aerobic degradation, anaerobic degradation, anoxic biodegradation and photolytic degradation. Halflifes tend to vary and are remarkably shorter when low initial concentrations are applied. In general anaerobic conditions result in longer halflifes then aerobic conditions. EE2 shows far most persistence of the compounds, thereby also the estrogenic effect in vitro is about 2-3-fold higher compared to E2. The three compounds show a higher affinity to sorb to sludge compared to other tested adsorption materials like sediment. Aerobic degradation is far the most efficient in removing these compounds, but adsorption seems to play a significant role in retaining the estrogens inside full-scale STPs. Removal rates in full scale plants depend on the HRT, SRT and loading rates, but lack of information on the exact dependency so far prevents an optimal design able to fully eliminate estrogens from wastewater.

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“…The slides were examined at ×100 under a compound microscope, according to guidelines provided by the WHO, http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/. One mg/ml final concentration of ascorbic acid was added [38][39][40] to a matched 10 ml sample, after which urine was stored at −20°C, and freighted cold to Porto, Portugal for further analysis (below).…”

Section: Clinical Cases Urine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen-like metabolites and DNA-adducts in urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer

Gouveia¹,

Santos²,

Brindley³

et al. 2015

Cancer Letters

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Purification of urine for quantification of the complete estrogen profile

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Stability of 15 Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Urine Samples under Processing and Storage Conditions Typically Used in Epidemiologic Studies

Stability of 15 Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Urine Samples under Processing and Storage Conditions Typically Used in Epidemiologic Studies

Occurrence and Fate of Estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol in STPs for Domestic Wastewater

Estrogen-like metabolites and DNA-adducts in urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer

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