Purification of polluted water with spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrate: from agricultural waste to biosorbent of phenanthrene, Cd and Pb

Abstract

The present research was aimed to (i) report the recycling of spent A. bisporus substrate (SAS) to remove heavy metals (Cd and Pb) and phenanthrene (Phe) from polluted water and (ii) assess the possibility to use the treated water for irrigation. Batch experiments were carried out to assess, firstly, the effect of interaction time between pollutants with SAS and, secondly, the pH of the polluted water. Then a biofilter was designed by using pressurized glass columns. Chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and content of Pb, Cd, Phe, nutrients (NPK) and Cl were determined. Equilibrium for contaminants was quickly reached (1-2 h). The pH of the polluted water was the key factor for pollutants' adsorption. The polluted water's pH was increased after biofilter interaction. Phe was not detected in any fraction. Pb and Cd sorption rates were higher than 99%. The pollutant concentrations were within the permitted range to be used for agriculture purposes. Purified water showed significant concentrations of NPK, indicating its potential use as fertilizer. The SAS shows potential to be used as Phe, Pb and Cd biosorbent and the resulting treated water can be used for irrigation according to pollutant contents and agronomical evaluation.

Organic carbon nature determines the capacity of organic amendments to adsorb pesticides in soil

“…This last fraction has a clear role on organic pollutants adsorption because of its high reactivity (Stevenson, 1994). The presence of a great number of functional groups bestows the soil humic fraction a high affinity for organic pollutants with different characteristics as it has been previously reported (García-Delgado et al, 2017;Hwang et al, 2015;Murano et al, 2018).…”

“…Many references report the ability of organic amendments to adsorb pesticides or other organic and inorganic pollutants (Álvarez-Martín et al, 2016a;Frutos et al, 2016;García-Delgado et al, 2017;Marín-Benito et al, 2018a;2018b;Parolo et al, 2017).…”

Potential utilization of spent Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate for seedling production and organic fertilizer in tomato cultivation

“…Due to its physical properties and nutrient content, SMS has great potential to be employed in the agricultural and horticultural sectors, as well as contribute to reduce the use of non-renewable resources (García-Delgado et al, 2016). SMS also contains a rich microbiota that can ensure the balance of phytosanitary requirements of crop plants, and the possibility that some species of microorganisms may induce resistance in pre-cultivated seedlings in this substrate (Siqueira et al, 2011).…”

Estudo Da Atividade Fotoprotetora De Extratos De Caule, Flor, Raiz E Frutos De Cacto Xique-Xique (Pilosocereus Gounellei)

“…Por lo anterior, se realizó un ensayo de biorremediación de Cd (II) a partir de agua contaminada con 100 mg/L de Cd (II) (ajustado),obtenida de una laguna de efluentes industriales (Tanque Tenorio) ubicada al oriente de la ciudad capital de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México, observando que a los 7 días de incubación la remoción es eficiente (54.2%, Figura 9), lo cual coincide con algunos reportes de la literatura con diferentes biomasas como la levadura C. tropicalis, la cual removió 56% y 73% del metal a los 6 y 12 días de incubación, respectivamente (Rehman & Anjum, 2009), para la fitorremediación de Cd con E. crassipes, sobre un suelo contaminado durante 62 días a diferentes concentraciones del metal, con una remoción de 11.75% y 23.63% (Zúñiga López, 2020), la eliminación por A. bisporus de hidrocarburos aromáticos, pireno, Cd y Pb de suelos contaminados (García-Delgado et al, 2017), la remediación de suelos co-contaminados con Cd y endosulfán utilizando Pleurotus eryngii y Coprimun comatus (Wang et al, 2018) y la remoción de Cd (II) y Cu (II) de soluciones acuosas por L. edodes modificada con cloruro de magnesio (Xie et al, 2015) y la remoción de hidrocarburos utilizando lirio acuático (Martínez Bolaños, 2014).…”