Purification of Gonadotrophin From Menopausal Urine by Gel Filtration on Sephadex

Donini, P.; Puzzuoli, D.; D’Alessio, Ilenia

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0450329

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Large pools of pituitaries had been collected at autopsy in hospitals, mainly from elderly men and women. A few years later, Donini et al reported a method for the extraction of gonadotrophins from human menopausal urine, and these extracts, called human menopausal gonadotrophins (hMG), were soon introduced for ovulation induction (2). Two decades later, highly purified FSH isolated from menopausal urine was marketed for ovulation induction (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes in glycosylation and glycan composition of serum FSH and LH during natural ovarian stimulation

Wide¹,

Eriksson²

2013

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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BackgroundGlycosylation and glycan composition are of fundamental importance for the biological properties of FSH and LH. The aim of this study was to determine the glycosylation, sialylation, and sulfonation of serum FSH and LH throughout the normal menstrual cycle.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 79 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. The mean numbers of anionic monosaccharide (AMS), sialic acid (SA), and sulfonated N-acetylgalactosamine (SU) residues per FSH and LH molecule were estimated for all sera with methods based on electrophoreses, neuraminidase treatments, and fluoroimmunoassays of the gonadotrophins.ResultsDi-glycosylated glycoforms (FSHdi, LHdi) were detected in serum in addition to tetra-glycosylated FSH (FSHtetra) and tri-glycosylated LH (LHtri). FSHdi exhibited two peaks: one on day 5 to 7 and one, more pronounced, at midcycle. FSHtetra plateaued at a high concentration from day 5 to 15, without a midcycle peak. There were lower concentrations of LHdi than LHtri, except at midcycle when the opposite occurred. The mean numbers of SA and SU residues per molecule of FSH and LH in serum showed four different patterns during the cycle, all with highly significant (P < 0.0001) differences between levels at different phases of the cycle. The pattern of SA residues on FSH was ‘M’-shaped, and that of SU on LH ‘V’-shaped.ConclusionSerum FSH and LH governing the natural ovarian stimulation process exhibited dynamic changes of glycosylation and glycan composition. This new information on the FSH and LH molecular structures may lead to more successful mono-ovulatory treatment regimens for ovulation induction in anovulatory women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes in glycosylation and glycan composition of serum FSH and LH during natural ovarian stimulation

Wide¹,

Eriksson²

2013

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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“…In 1964 Donini reported the extraction of human gonadotropins (HMG) from human menopausal urine in sufficient quantities; and later introduced the use of HMG for ovarian stimulation as a treatment for amenorrhea ( 6 ). In these studies, he identified forms of hyperstimulation and described the untoward side effect of multiple pregnancies as a result of the use of HMG and hCG for ovulation induction.…”

Section: Isolation and Purification Of Gonadotropinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and challenges surrounding ovarian stimulation in the treatment of infertility

Beall

DeCherney

2012

Fertility and Sterility

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OBJECTIVE To examine the history of superovulation for ovulation induction, its contributions to reproductive medicine and its impact on multiple births. DESIGN A search of the relevant literature using Pubmed and other online tools. RESULT(S) Infertility has been a condition known and studied for thousands of years. However, it was not until this past century that effective treatments were developed. With the advancement of our knowledge of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, therapies utilizing gonadotropins were developed to stimulate ovulation. Not only were we now able to treat anovulatory infertility, but also induce superovulation for in vitro fertilization. With these successes came consequences, including increased multiple pregnancies. Several countries recognized the high costs associated with multiple births and implemented regulations on the infertility industry. The rate of triplet and higher-order multiples has declined over the past decade. This is largely attributed to a decreased number of embryos transferred. Nonetheless, the twin rate has remained consistently high. CONCLUSION(S) Superovulation has become a routine medical therapy used for ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization. With the development of this technology have come effective therapies for infertility and new ethical and medical challenges. Since the advent of gonadotropin therapy we have already developed technologies to improve monitoring and decrease hyperstimulation and high order multiple pregnancies. In the future, we anticipate new tools devised to optimize one embryo for one singleton live birth.

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“…As a result, pituitary FSH and LH secretion is no longer inhibited and high serum levels and increased urinary excretion ensues. Donini et al (1964) described techniques to extract these hormones from the urine of menopausal women for biologic use in women of reproductive age. The first preparation of human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) for clinical use was released in 1950 (Table 1).…”

Section: Urinary Extracts Of Gonadotropinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of in Vitro Fertilization: Integration of Pharmacology, Technology, and Clinical Care

Feinberg

Bromer

Catherino

2005

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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For the couple having trouble achieving pregnancy, the options and opportunities for assistance have never been brighter. Options such as controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection have been developed over the past five decades and provide hope for couples that previously would have been considered infertile. In vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection represent a coalescence of advances in physiology, endocrinology, pharmacology, technology, and clinical care. In vitro fertilization has assisted well over one million couples in their efforts to start or build a family, and the demand for such services continues to increase. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the pharmacological advances that made controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, and therefore in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, possible. We will discuss the early stages of gonadotropin use to stimulate ovarian production of multiple mature eggs, the advances in recombinant technology that allowed purified hormone for therapy, and the use of other hormones to regulate the menstrual cycle such that the likelihood of successful oocyte retrieval and embryo implantation is optimized. Finally, we will review current areas that require particular attention if we are to provide more opportunity for infertile couples.Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection have become the standard of care for many couples with infertility. The combination of pharmacologic and surgical manipulation of the menstrual cycle is the key to improving pregnancy rates. The history and evolution of COH, IVF, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection has been rapidly developing and continues to change at an ever increasing pace (Fig. 1). As we learn more about the molecular basis of cellular communication and signaling, pharmacologic treatments with greater efficacy can be developed. Improvements in embryo culture techniques and embryo cryopreservation will similarly enhance outcomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the history and development of the pharmacology that has made COH and IVF successful.In a typical menstrual cycle, there is the formation of a single dominant follicle, from which ovulation of a single oocyte occurs each month. For the fertile couple, this menstrual cycle has a 20% chance of resulting in a pregnancy; however, for infertile couples, the chance of pregnancy with one oocyte can be well under 5% per cycle. Over the past 50 years, pharmacologic agents have been developed to increase the likelihood of pregnancy by increasing the number of eggs released and available for fertilization.To clarify the obstacles to fertility that have been overcome as well as the challenges that remain, we will review the physiology of the menstrual cycle, major historical developments, and the therapeutic evolution and current use of medications used during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and in vitro...

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Purification of Gonadotrophin From Menopausal Urine by Gel Filtration on Sephadex

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Dynamic changes in glycosylation and glycan composition of serum FSH and LH during natural ovarian stimulation

Dynamic changes in glycosylation and glycan composition of serum FSH and LH during natural ovarian stimulation

History and challenges surrounding ovarian stimulation in the treatment of infertility

The Evolution of in Vitro Fertilization: Integration of Pharmacology, Technology, and Clinical Care

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