Purification, characterization, and pathogenicity of urease produced byVibrio parahaemolyticus

Cai, Yun; Ni, Yu Xing

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2825(1996)10:2<70::aid-jcla2>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The genetic compliment in Vibrio greatly affects their function in nature ). Several V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity factors have been discovered, including TDH, TRH, urease and pili (Miyamoto et al 1969;Honda et al 1988;Nakasone and Iwanaga 1992;Nishibuchi and Kaper 1995;Cai and Ni 1996). The presence of other pathogenicity factors such as the T3SS may alter a bacteria's fitness or ability to colonize certain environments such as host organisms including oysters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of type III secretion systems in Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the northern Gulf of Mexico

Noriea

Johnson

Griffitt

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Two well‐characterized Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenicity factors – thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) and TDH‐related haemolysin – are produced by strains containing the tdh and trh genes, respectively. Most strains of V. parahaemolyticus contain two nonredundant type III secretion systems (T3SS), T3SS1 and T3SS2, both of which contribute to pathogenicity. Furthermore, a recent study has revealed two distinct lineages of the V. parahaemolyticus T3SS2: T3SS2α and T3SS2β. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of these pathogenicity factors in environmental isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. Methods and Results: We collected 130 V. parahaemolyticus isolates (TCBS agar) containing tdh and/or trh (determined by colony hybridization) from sediment, oyster and water in the northern Gulf of Mexico and screened them and 12 clinical isolates (PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis) for pathogenicity factors tdh, trh, T3SS1, T3SS2α and T3SS2β. The majority of potential pathogens were detected in the sediment, including all tdh−/trh+ isolates. T3SS2α components were detected in all tdh+/trh− isolates and zero of 109 trh+ isolates. One T3SS2α gene, vopB2, was found in all tdh+/trh− clinical strains but not in any of the 130 environmental strains. Fluorescence in situ hybridization adapted for individual gene recognition (RING‐FISH) was used to confirm the presence/absence of vopB2. T3SS2β was found in all tdh−/trh+ isolates and in no tdh+/trh− isolates. Conclusions: The combination of haemolysins found in each isolate consistently corresponded to the presence and type of T3SS detected. The vopB2 gene may represent a novel marker for identifying increased virulence among strains. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study to confirm the presence of T3SS2β genes in V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from the Gulf of Mexico and one of the few that examines the distribution and co‐existence of tdh, trh, T3SS1, T3SS2α and T3SS2β in a large collection of environmental strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of type III secretion systems in Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the northern Gulf of Mexico

Noriea

Johnson

Griffitt

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…, 1997). Moreover, suckling mouse assays and feeding experiments with human volunteers demonstrate also the direct involvement of this enzyme in V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity (Cai and Ni, 1996; Depaola et al. , 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, serotyping and molecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in mussels from Italian growing areas, Adriatic Sea

Ottaviani

Leoni

Rocchegiani

et al. 2010

Environ Microbiol Rep

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The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in Italian mussels from different geographical areas of the Adriatic Sea and to determine their serotypes, toxigenic profiles and pandemic potential. Out of 559 samples analysed during 2007, 65 (11.6%) were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. None of the isolates had the genes for thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and pandemic marker (toxRS), while five strains (7.7%) had that for TDH-related haemolysin (trh). Regarding geographical location of the toxigenic strains, three were from the Adriatic coast of Puglia, one from Veneto, and one from the Marches. The trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolates from Puglia belonged to O1:KUT (2/3) and O1:K37(1/3) serotypes, the trh-positive isolate from the Marches to OUT(O untypeable):KUT serotype, and that from Veneto to O3:KUT. The prevalence of trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus obtained from mussels in this study was higher respect to that reported in previous studies from other European and Extraeuropean countries. The Health Authorities should be more aware of the epidemiological role of environmental V. parahaemolyticus in local food-borne diseases, and increase the microbial surveillance on these microorganisms isolated from shellfish.

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“…Recently, proportion of trh-bearing strains among clinical strains has been increasing and a very strong correlation exists between the presence of the trh gene and urease production, an unusual characteristic for V. parahaemolyticus (12,(24)(25)(26)(30)(31)(32). The urease-positive strains have been isolated in various parts of the world (1,2,5,9,13,23).…”

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Emergence of a unique O3:K6 clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Calcutta, India, and isolation of strains from the same clonal group from Southeast Asian travelers arriving in Japan

et al. 1997

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Active surveillance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection among hospitalized patients in Calcutta, India, was initiated in January 1994. The incidence of cases of V. parahaemolyticus infection suddenly increased in February 1996 and has remained high since then. One hundred thirty-four strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from January 1994 to August 1996 were examined for serovar, the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin genes (trh1 and trh2), production of urease, and antibiogram. Strains of the O3:K6 serovar appeared for the first time in February 1996. The O3:K6 serovar strains accounted for 50 to 80% of the strains isolated during the high-incidence period (February to August 1996). All of the serovar O3:K6 strains carried the tdh gene but not the trh genes and did not produce urease. All of the isolates except two were sensitive to all of the antibiotics tested. These and the results of analysis by an arbitrarily primed PCR method indicated that the O3:K6 serovar strains belong to a unique clone. When the O3:K6 serovar strains, isolated from travelers arriving in Japan from Southeast Asian countries, were compared by the arbitrarily primed PCR method, the strains isolated between 1982 and 1993 were distinct from Calcutta O3:K6 while the strains isolated in 1995 and 1996 were indistinguishable from the Calcutta O3:K6 strains. The results suggest that this unique O3:K6 clone may have become prevalent not only in Calcutta but also in Southeast Asian countries very recently. Not only the O3:K6 strains but also the non-O3:K6, tdh-bearing strains isolated in 1996 produced thermostable direct hemolysin at high levels, and thus the level of hemolysin produced does not appear to have influenced the high incidence of serovar O3:K6 strains.

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Purification, characterization, and pathogenicity of urease produced byVibrio parahaemolyticus

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Distribution of type III secretion systems in Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the northern Gulf of Mexico

Distribution of type III secretion systems in Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the northern Gulf of Mexico

Prevalence, serotyping and molecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in mussels from Italian growing areas, Adriatic Sea

Emergence of a unique O3:K6 clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Calcutta, India, and isolation of strains from the same clonal group from Southeast Asian travelers arriving in Japan

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