Purification, Characterization and Inhibition by Fluoride of Enolase from Streptococcus mutans DSM320523

Kaufmann, Michael; Bartholmes, Peter

doi:10.1159/000261494

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fluoride is also known to inhibit bacterial acid production in vitro (Hamilton, 1990;Marquis, 1990;Jenkins, 1999) and plaque acid production in vivo (Tatevossian, 1990;Vogel et al, 2002). Competitive inhibition by fluoride of enolase, an enzyme in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (the EMP pathway) extracted from Streptococcus mutans and other plaque bacteria (Kaufmann and Bartholmes, 1992;Guha-Chowdhury et al, 1997), suggested that enolase is the target enzyme by fluoride inhibition. The addition of fluoride to a cell suspension of S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and S. sanguinis results in the intracellular accumulation of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate (enolase substrate) and the decrease of phosphoenolpyruvate (enolase product) in the EMP pathway (Hata et al, 1990;Maehara et al, 2005), confirming the inhibition of enolase by fluoride; however, the inhibitory mechanism of fluoride has not been confirmed in plaque biofilm, consisting of multispecies of bacteria, where they may behave differently compared with in vitro behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Effects of Xylitol and Fluoride on Plaque Biofilm in Vivo

Takahashi

Washio

2011

J Dent Res

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Dental caries is initiated by demineralization of the tooth surface through acid production from sugar by plaque biofilm. Fluoride and xylitol have been used worldwide as caries-preventive reagents, based on in vitro-proven inhibitory mechanisms on bacterial acid production. We attempted to confirm the inhibitory mechanisms of fluoride and xylitol in vivo by performing metabolome analysis on the central carbon metabolism in supragingival plaque using the combination of capillary electrophoresis and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Fluoride (225 and 900 ppm F−) inhibited lactate production from 10% glucose by 34% and 46%, respectively, along with the increase in 3-phosphoglycerate and the decrease in phosphoenolpyruvate in the EMP pathway in supragingival plaque. These results confirmed that fluoride inhibited bacterial enolase in the EMP pathway and subsequently repressed acid production in vivo. In contrast, 10% xylitol had no effect on acid production and the metabolome profile in supragingival plaque, although xylitol 5-phosphate was produced. These results suggest that xylitol is not an inhibitor of plaque acid production but rather a non-fermentative sugar alcohol. Metabolome analyses of plaque biofilm can be applied for monitoring the efficacy of dietary components and medicines for plaque biofilm, leading to the development of effective plaque control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Effects of Xylitol and Fluoride on Plaque Biofilm in Vivo

Takahashi

Washio

2011

J Dent Res

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“…This may be the result of fluoride release from the coating material. Fluoride can reduce acid production by S. mutans through a number of mechanisms 50) , including inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme enolase 51,52) and the proton-extruding ATPase 53,54) . The reduced drop of pH on the surface of PRG Barrier Coat could also be related to interference with other intracellular or plaque-associated enzymes in S. mutans, such as acid phosphatase, pyrophosphatase, peroxidase and catalase by released fluoride 55) .…”

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Effects of a coating resin containing S-PRG filler to prevent demineralization of root surfaces

Imazato

Chen

et al. 2012

Dent. Mater. J.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a coating material containing the surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler to protect the root from demineralization in vitro. The proprietary coating resin containing the S-PRG filler (PRG Barrier Coat) was applied to human root dentin and immersed in acid buffer at pH 4.5 for 3 d. Demineralization was evaluated by micro-CT scanning and the dentin-material interface observed by scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the coating resin to modify acid production by Streptococcus mutans was investigated by monitoring pH using an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor pH electrode. Application of PRG Barrier Coat produced a coating layer with the thickness of approximately 200 µm and completely inhibited demineralization. The bacteria-induced pH fall at the material surface was significantly inhibited. We conclude that S-PRG fillercontaining coating resin may be an effective material for protecting exposed root from both chemical and biological challenges. Keywords: Resin coating, Root caries, Demineralization, S-PRGThe second and third authors contributed equally to this work.

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“…The effects of fluoride on cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria have been extensively studied. Fluoride inhibits enolase, a glycolytic enzyme (5,6), inhibits F-ATPase activity resulting in less acidurance (7,8), reduces glucan-binding lectin activity (9), and decreases glucose incorporation (10). However, the effects of fluoride on group A Streptococci have not been examined.…”

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Fluoride Exposure Attenuates Expression of Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence Factors

Thongboonkerd¹,

Luengpailin²,

Cao³

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Fluoridation causes an obvious reduction of dental caries by interference with cariogenic streptococci. However, the effect of fluoride on group A streptococci that causes rheumatic fever and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is not known. We have used proteomic analysis to create a reference proteome map for Streptococcus pyogenes and to determine fluoride-induced protein changes in the streptococci. Cellular and extracellular proteins were resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. 183 protein spots were visualized, and 74 spots representing 60 unique proteins were identified. A 16-h exposure to sodium fluoride caused decreased expression of proteins required to respond to cellular stress, including anti-oxidants, glycolytic enzymes, transcriptional and translational regulators, and protein folding. Fluoride caused decreased cellular expression of two well-characterized S. pyogenes virulence factors. Fluoride decreased expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which acts to bind fibronectin and promote bacterial adherence. We also performed proteomic analysis of protein released by S. pyogenes into the culture supernatant and observed decreased expression of M proteins following fluoride exposure. These data provide evidence that fluoride causes decreased expression by S. pyogenes proteins used to respond to stress, virulence factors, and implicated in nonsuppurative complications of S. pyogenes, including glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever.The incidence of some sequelae of group A streptococcal infection such as rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) 1 has decreased over the last five decades in the United States and western countries (1-3). However, these disorders continue unabated and are important public health problems in developing countries (1,3,4). The effects of fluoride on cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria have been extensively studied. Fluoride inhibits enolase, a glycolytic enzyme (5, 6), inhibits F-ATPase activity resulting in less acidurance (7,8), reduces glucan-binding lectin activity (9), and decreases glucose incorporation (10). However, the effects of fluoride on group A Streptococci have not been examined. To examine simultaneous changes in multiple virulence factors, we performed a proteomic analysis of S. pyogenes exposed to fluoride. Western blotting and other immunological methods have been successfully used to study protein expression of various microorganisms, cells, and tissues. However, these techniques are constrained by the limited number of proteins that can be studied in each experiment and the availability of specific antibodies. Proteomic techniques date to 1975, when two-dimensional PAGE was simultaneously described by O'Farrell and Klose (11, 12) and applied to the study of a large number of proteins simultaneously. In twodimensional PAGE proteins are separated by differential isoelectric point (pI)...

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Purification, Characterization and Inhibition by Fluoride of Enolase from Streptococcus mutans DSM320523

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Metabolomic Effects of Xylitol and Fluoride on Plaque Biofilm in Vivo

Metabolomic Effects of Xylitol and Fluoride on Plaque Biofilm in Vivo

Effects of a coating resin containing S-PRG filler to prevent demineralization of root surfaces

Fluoride Exposure Attenuates Expression of Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence Factors

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