Purification and sequencing of neuropeptides from identified neurons in the marine mollusc, Tritonia

Lloyd, Philip E.; Phares, Gregg A.; Phillips, Nicole E.; Willows, A. O. D.

doi:10.1016/0196-9781(95)02093-4

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The TPeps are a trio of 15-amino acid long peptides (TPep-PLS, TPep-PAR and TPep-NLS) that differ at positions 1, 8 and 12 [Lloyd et al, 1996]. We used antiserum to TPep-NLS that was provided by A.O.D.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells are large, up to 500 m in diameter, and are located on the dorsal surface of the pedal ganglia. The Pd5 and Pd6 cells are also identified by the presence of the neuropeptides TPeps [Lloyd et al, 1996;Beck et al, 2000]. TPeps cause an increase in ciliary beating when applied to isolated patches of the ciliated pedal epithelium and when applied to isolated ciliated cells [Willows et al, 1997].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study of TPep-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Central Nervous System of Nudibranch Molluscs

Baltzley

Lohmann²

2008

Brain Behav Evol

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In the sea slug Tritonia diomedea, mucociliary crawling is controlled partly by two pairs of bilaterally symmetrical neurons located in the pedal ganglia. These neurons, known as the Pedal 5 and Pedal 6 cells, produce a class of neuropeptides called TPeps. Using immunohistochemistry we identified TPep-like immunoreactive (TPep-LIR) neurons in diverse nudibranch species. All species examined had 2–7 large, TPep-LIR cells located in each pedal ganglion. The absolute size of the largest TPep-LIR neuron was correlated with foot size. Species with a bigger foot size tended to have larger TPep-LIR cells. However, the number of cells in a given species was not correlated with the size of the adult foot. The presence of large, TPep-LIR cells across the nudibranchs suggests that part of the neural circuitry controlling mucociliary locomotion has been conserved, although the size and number of cells is variable across species. We conclude that the motor circuit underlying crawling might adapt to changes in foot size by changing the size of motor neurons in the circuit, but that changes in cell number are not directly related to foot size.

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Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of TPep-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Central Nervous System of Nudibranch Molluscs

Baltzley

Lohmann²

2008

Brain Behav Evol

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“…These cells share several similarities including the production of TPeps (Lloyd et al, 1996;Willows et al, 1997), characteristics of efferent neurons (Popescu and Willows, 1999;Cain, 2001;Wang et al, 2003), responsiveness to other sensory stimuli such as rheotactic cues (Murray et al, 1992), and some common synaptic inputs as indicated by synchronous postsynaptic potentials (Fig.·5B).…”

Section: Comparison Of Pd7 Neurons With Pd5 and Pd6 Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pd7 neurons produce a class of neuropeptides known as TPeps (Lloyd et al, 1996;Willows et al, 1997;Beck et al, 2000). TPeps increase the ciliary beating frequency of isolated foot epithelial cells (Willows et al, 1997), as well as the ciliary transport rates of foot patches (Willows et al, 1997), ciliated salivary ducts (Gaston, 1998) and esophageal ciliated epithelial patches (Pavlova et al, 1999).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Pd7 Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifiable neurons inhibited by Earth-strength magnetic stimuli in the molluscTritonia diomedea

Wang

Cain

Lohmann

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Diverse animals use the Earth's magnetic field as an orientation cue, but little is known about the sensory, processing and motor elements of the neural circuitry underlying magnetic orientation behavior. The marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea has both a magnetic compass sense and a simple nervous system accessible to electrophysiological analysis. Previous studies have revealed that four identifiable neurons, known as LPd5, RPd5, LPd6 and RPd6, respond with enhanced electrical activity to changes in Earth-strength magnetic fields. Here we report that two additional neurons, LPd7 and RPd7,are inhibited by magnetic stimuli. Cobalt fills of the Pd7 neurons indicated that two prominent neurites emerge from the soma and project to the periphery through the ipsilateral cerebral nerves CeN6 and CeN3; in some cases, a third neurite was visible in CeN2. The nerves extend to the anterior region of the animal where they innervate the lateral body walls, oral veil and mouth region. Action potentials in the Pd7 neurons propagate from the central ganglia toward the periphery. Thus, the Pd7 cells have characteristics of efferent neurons. The precise function of these cells during magnetic orientation behavior, however, remains to be determined.

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“…In addition we investigated CBF control by a newly identified cilio-excitatory transmitter, dopamine, as well as previously described cilio-excitatory TPep-NLS (Lloyd et al, 1996;Willows et al, 1997). Specifically, we examined whether dopamine or TPep-NLS influenced the dominant I Cl(Ca) in the locomotory CPE cells, and whether modulation of I Cl(Ca) is directly responsible for control of CBF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine modulation of Ca2+ dependent Cl- current regulates ciliary beat frequency controlling locomotion inTritonia diomedea

Woodward

Willows

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The physiological mechanisms controlling ciliary beating remain largely unknown. Evidence exists supporting both hormonal control of ciliary beating and control via direct innervation. In the present study we investigated nervous control of cilia based locomotion in the nudibranch mollusc, Tritonia diomedea. Ciliated pedal epithelial (CPE) cells acting as locomotory effectors may be electrically excitable. To explore this possibility we characterized the cells' electrical properties, and found that CPE cells have large voltage dependent whole cell currents with two components. First, there is a fast activating outward Cl- current that is both voltage and Ca2+ influx dependent(ICl(Ca)). ICl(Ca) is sensitive to DIDS and 9-AC, and resembles currents of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCC). Ca2+ dependence also suggests the presence of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; however, we were unable to detect these currents. The second current, a voltage dependent proton current(IH), activates very slowly and is sensitive to both Zn2+ and changes in pH. In addition we identify a new cilio-excitatory substance in Tritonia, viz., dopamine. Dopamine, in the 10 μmol l-1-1 mmol l-1 range, significantly increases ciliary beat frequency (CBF). We also found dopamine and Tritonia Pedal Peptide(TPep-NLS) selectively suppress ICl(Ca) in CPE cells,demonstrating a link between CBF excitation and ICl(Ca). It appears that dopamine and TPep-NLS inhibit ICl(Ca) not through changing [Ca2+]in, but directly by an unknown mechanism. Coupling of ICl(Ca) and CBF is further supported by our finding that DIDS and zero [Cl-]outboth increase CBF, mimicking dopamine and TPep-NLS excitation. These results suggest that dopamine and TPep-NLS act to inhibit ICl(Ca),initiating and prolonging Ca2+ influx, and activating CBF excitation.

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Purification and sequencing of neuropeptides from identified neurons in the marine mollusc, Tritonia

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Comparative Study of TPep-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Central Nervous System of Nudibranch Molluscs

Comparative Study of TPep-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Central Nervous System of Nudibranch Molluscs

Identifiable neurons inhibited by Earth-strength magnetic stimuli in the molluscTritonia diomedea

Dopamine modulation of Ca2+ dependent Cl- current regulates ciliary beat frequency controlling locomotion inTritonia diomedea

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