Purification and properties of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from a denitrifying Thauera sp.

Biegert, Thomas; Altenschmidt, Uwe; Eckerskorn, Christoph; Fuchs, Georg

doi:10.1007/bf00272130

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The deduced N-terminus of the had gene product was identical to the N-terminus of the purified 37 kDa 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD ϩ ) ( Table 1). T. aromatica contains benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, but the N-terminal amino acid sequence of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase was different from that of the had gene product (Biegert et al, 1995). In addition, the deduced amino acid sequence of had showed typical binding motifs for zinc, suggesting it may be a zinc-dependent protein (Inoue et al, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Breese

Boll

Alt-Mörbe

et al. 1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

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107

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Many aromatic compounds are anaerobically oxidized to CO 2 via benzoyl-CoA as the common aromatic intermediate. In Thauera aromatica, the central benzoyl-CoA pathway comprises the ATP-driven two-electron reduction of the benzene ring; this reaction uses a ferredoxin as electron donor and is catalyzed by benzoyl-CoA reductase. The first intermediate, cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA, is subsequently hydrated by dienoyl-CoA hydratase to 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA. Formation of the main product produced by cell extracts, 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA, requires at least two further steps; the oxidation of a hydroxyl group and the hydrolytic carbon ring cleavage of a CoA-activated β-oxoacid. In addition, enoyl-CoA hydratase may come into play. A cluster of eight adjacent genes, which are transcribed in the same direction and may form an operon, was found in this bacterium. The cluster codes for proven and postulated enzymes of the benzoyl-CoA pathway. The genes for the enzymes code for ferredoxin, four subunits of benzoyl-CoA reductase, dienoyl-CoA hydratase, 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD ϩ ), and the ring hydrolyzing enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequences of these proteins were 35Ϫ86% similar to the corresponding sequences found in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Benzoyl-CoA reductase subunits exhibit distinct similarities with 2-hydroxyglutarylCoA dehydratase and its ATP-hydrolysing activase protein of Acidaminococcus fermentans as well as with open reading frames of unknown function in other bacteria. Conversion of benzoyl-CoA to 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA can be explained by a minimal model of the benzoyl-CoA pathway assuming the four enzymes whose genes were characterized and an additional enoyl-CoA hydratase. In R. palustris the dienoyl-CoA hydratase gene is lacking suggesting the operation of a modified benzoyl-CoA pathway with cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA as intermediate.Keywords : benzoyl-CoA pathway ; benzoyl-CoA reductase; dienoyl-CoA hydratase; 3-hydroxypimelylCoA; 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase.Aerobic aromatic metabolism is well known for the extensive use of molecular oxygen. Monooxygenases and dioxygenases are essential for the hydroxylation and for the cleavage of aromatic ring structures. Anaerobic aromatic metabolism necessarily requires a quite different strategy. Essential is the replacement of oxygen-dependent steps by a set of alternative reactions and the formation of different central intermediates, i.e. a completely different solution to overcome the energy barrier of the aromatic ring systems. Notably, in anaerobic pathways, the aro-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Breese

Boll

Alt-Mörbe

et al. 1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

Self Cite

107

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“…Aromatic alcohols and phenols comprise a large group of natural compounds, and they can also originate as metabolic intermediates in the course of the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and lignin (25).…”

Section: Gene Clusters For Degradation Of Aromatic Alcohols and Phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzyl alcohol is one of the main aromatic alcohols present in nature, e.g., as a fragrance of some flowers, and it can also originate as a metabolic intermediate in the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons (25). Benzyl alcohol becomes oxidized, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, via benzaldehyde, to benzoate.…”

Section: Gene Clusters For Degradation Of Aromatic Alcohols and Phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A homotetrameric NAD ϩ -dependent benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase that generates benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol was purified from T. aromatica cells grown anaerobically in benzyl alcohol. The N-terminal amino acid sequence suggests that the enzyme belongs to the long-chain Zn 2ϩ -dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, as it occurs with benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases from aerobic bacteria (25).…”

Section: Gene Clusters For Degradation Of Aromatic Alcohols and Phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Catabolism of Aromatic Compounds: a Genetic and Genomic View

Carmona

Zamarro

Blázquez

et al. 2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

388

381

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SUMMARY Aromatic compounds belong to one of the most widely distributed classes of organic compounds in nature, and a significant number of xenobiotics belong to this family of compounds. Since many habitats containing large amounts of aromatic compounds are often anoxic, the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds by microorganisms becomes crucial in biogeochemical cycles and in the sustainable development of the biosphere. The mineralization of aromatic compounds by facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria can be coupled to anaerobic respiration with a variety of electron acceptors as well as to fermentation and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Since the redox potential of the electron-accepting system dictates the degradative strategy, there is wide biochemical diversity among anaerobic aromatic degraders. However, the genetic determinants of all these processes and the mechanisms involved in their regulation are much less studied. This review focuses on the recent findings that standard molecular biology approaches together with new high-throughput technologies (e.g., genome sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics) have provided regarding the genetics, regulation, ecophysiology, and evolution of anaerobic aromatic degradation pathways. These studies revealed that the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds is more diverse and widespread than previously thought, and the complex metabolic and stress programs associated with the use of aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions are starting to be unraveled. Anaerobic biotransformation processes based on unprecedented enzymes and pathways with novel metabolic capabilities, as well as the design of novel regulatory circuits and catabolic networks of great biotechnological potential in synthetic biology, are now feasible to approach.

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“…Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from benzyl alcohol-assimilating Thauera sp. similarly could not oxidize alkanol (Biegert et al, 1995). Although phenylacetaldehyde reductase from styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium sp.…”

Section: Purification and Characterization Of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Wmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cofactor Recycling Using a Thermostable NADH Oxidase

Hirano¹,

Ohta²,

Yoshida³

et al. 2012

Chemical Biology

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Purification and properties of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from a denitrifying Thauera sp.

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Anaerobic Catabolism of Aromatic Compounds: a Genetic and Genomic View

Cofactor Recycling Using a Thermostable NADH Oxidase

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