Purification and partial genome characterization of a herpes-like virus infecting the Japanese oyster, Crassostrea gigas.

Deuff, R M Le; Renault, Tristan

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-80-5-1317

Cited by 105 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Interspecific transmission may occur efficiently under hatchery and nursery rearing conditions. This possible interspecific transmission was previously investigated by Le Deuff (1995), who reported the transmission of herpes-like virus infection to healthy axenic C. gigas larvae using infectious material obtained from diseased European flat oyster larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Concomitant herpes-like virus infections in hatchery-reared larvae and nursery-cultured spat Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis

Renault

Deuff²,

Chollet³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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102

101

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Concomitant sporadic high mortalities were reported in France in May 1994 among batches of hatchery-reared larval Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas and European flat oysters Ostrea edulis in 2 hatcheries, and in June and July 1994 among batches of cultured spat of both species in a shellfish nursery. Histological observation showed the presence of cellular abnormalities in moribund animals. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of herpes-like virus particles in infected larvae and spat of both oyster species. This is the first description of a herpes-like virus infection in larval O. edulis. Viruses observed in diseased larvae and spat of both species are similar with respect to ultrastructure and morphogenesis. They were detected simultaneously in C. gigas and O. edulis larvae and spat, indicating possible interspecific transmission. Moreover, these viruses are associated with high mortality rates in both oyster species. An electron microscopic examination revealed hemocytes with condensed chromatin and extensive perinuclear fragmentation of chromatin. These data suggest that herpes-like viruses infecting oysters may induce apoptosis in oyster hemocytes. KEY WORDS: Herpes-like virus · European flat oyster · Ostrea edulis · Pacific oyster · Crassostrea gigas · Oyster mortality · Concomitant infection · Virus replication · Apoptosis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 42: [173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183] 2000 viral particles reported by Hine et al. (1992) in New Zealand and the virus-like particles described by Comps & Cochennec (1993) among French cultured European flat oyster spat.We describe for the first time a herpes-like virus infecting European flat oyster larvae and concomitant herpes-like virus infections associated with high mortalities among hatchery-reared larvae and nurserycultured spat of both Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis during the summer of 1994 in France. We performed an ultrastructural comparative study between both virus-like particles found respectively in Pacific oysters and European flat oysters and compared them to viruses belonging to the Herpesviridae family. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens.Larval Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas, 6 to 10 d old, 80 to 150 µm in size, were collected in May 1994 from 2 hatcheries located in Bourgneuf Bay (Vendée, France). Nursery-cultured spat of C. gigas and O. edulis, 3 to 5 mo old, were also collected from Bourgneuf Bay in June and July 1994.Light microscopy. A total of 197 European flat oyster spat and 196 Pacific oyster spat were collected for light microscopical examination. Moribund cultured spat of both species, 3 to 5 mo old, were removed from the shell and, sagittally sectioned; then half of each specimen was fixed in Davidson's fixative for light microscopic examination and the other half in Carson's fixative for transmission electron microscopic analysis. After 48 h fixation in Davidson's fluid, samples were dehydrated using an ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Concomitant herpes-like virus infections in hatchery-reared larvae and nursery-cultured spat Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis

Renault

Deuff²,

Chollet³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

Self Cite

102

101

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“…data). Herpes-like virus purification from infected C. gigas larvae and virus DNA extraction (Le Deuff & Renault 1999) has permitted the development of specific molecular tools (Renault & Lipart 1998, Renault et al 2000b, and molecular analysis suggests that the same virus infects several bivalve species belonging to different genera. Thus, the detection of a herpes-like virus in a particular bivalve batch presenting anomalous mortalities may indicate that precautions should be taken in order to avoid the spread of the viral infection to all breedings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A herpes-like virus infects a non-ostreid bivalve species: virus replication in Ruditapes philippinarum larvae

Renault

Lipart²,

Arzul³

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Sporadic high mortalities were reported in June 1997 among hatchery-reared larval Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in a French commercial hatchery. Cellular abnormalities were observed in semi-thin sections in affected animals. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of herpes-like virus particles in larvae. This is the first description of a herpes-like virus infection in larval R. philippinarum, a non-ostreid bivalve species. Virus particles were similar to other herpes-like viruses described from different oyster species with respect to ultrastructure and morphogenesis. Electron microscopic examination also demonstrated cells with condensed chromatin and extensive perinuclear fragmentation of chromatin. Like viruses infecting oysters, the herpes-like virus detected in clams may induce apoptosis in infected animals. KEY WORDS: Herpes-like virus · Manila clam · Ruditapes philippinarum · Mortality · Virus replication · Apoptosis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 45: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] 2001 scopy. The larvae were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer at pH 7.2 for 1 h at 4°C. After 2 washes in cacodylate buffer, samples were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in the same buffer at 4°C. Larval samples were dehydrated by serial ethanol baths (70 to 100%), partially rehyrated by two 10 min baths in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer and de-calcified with a 2% ethylenetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) solution in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer overnight at 4°C. After fixation and post-fixation, larvae were washed in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer, dehydrated by means of an ascending ethanol series (70 to 100%), cleared twice for 15 min in propylene oxide and infiltrated for 1 h in 50:50 propylene oxide:Epon resin. After 1 h infiltration in pure Epon resin, they were embedded in resin and cured for 48 h at 60°C. Sections were cut at 1 µm for light microscopic examination which were stained in 0.5% toluidine blue in 1% sodium borate solution. Ultrathin sections were stained in 5% uranyl acetate in 50% ethanol for 20 min and in 5% lead citrate in fresh boiled distilled water for 3 min. They were examined in a JEOL JEM 1200 EX transmission electron microscope at 80 kV. RESULTS Course of the diseaseA few days after spawning, Ruditapes philippinarum larvae showed reduction in feeding and swimming activities. Mortality occurred, at the beginning of June 1997, with total mortality by Day 13. Affected larvae swam weakly in circles before dying appromimately at 100 to 150 µm in size. Histological examinationAbnormal nuclei were present throughout the connective tissue in semi-thin sections of moribund larvae. Enlarged nuclei with abnormal marginated chromatin were evident in fibroblastic-like cells (Fig. 1). Highly condensed nuclei were observed in ovoid cells interpreted as haemocytes. Some nuclei of fibroblastic-like cells and haemocytes appeared with a ring-shaped or crescent-shaped chromatin (Fig. 1). The lesions were mainly confined to connective t...

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“…Since this time, herpes-like viruses have been described in other species of oyster (Burge et al, 2006;Hine et al, 1992;Renault et al, 1994), scallops (Arzul et al, 2001a;Ren et al, 2013) and clams (Renault et al, 2001). The virus has been purified from naturally infected Crassostrea gigas larvae (Le Deuff & Renault, 1999) and its genome entirely sequenced (Davison et al, 2005). Several genotypes of OsHV-1 have been detected by conventional PCR, targeting a specific area of the genome (Arzul et al, 2001b;Martenot et al, 2011;Segarra et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral immunity in marine molluscs

Green

Raftos

Speck

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Marine molluscs, like all living organisms, are constantly exposed to viruses and have evolved efficient antiviral defences. We review here recent developments in molluscan antiviral immunity against viruses belonging to the order Herpesvirales. Emerging results suggest an interferon-like response and autophagy are involved in the antiviral defence of bivalves to viral infection. Multifunctional plasma proteins from gastropods and bivalves have been identified to have broadspectrum antiviral activity against mammalian viruses. The antiviral defences present in molluscs can be enhanced by genetic selection, as shown by the presence of oyster strains specifically resistant to ostreid herpesvirus type 1. Whether varying amounts or different isoforms of these antiviral plasma proteins contributes to genetic resistance is worthy of further research. Other evolutionarily conserved antiviral mechanisms, such as RNA interference and apoptosis, still need further characterization.

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Purification and partial genome characterization of a herpes-like virus infecting the Japanese oyster, Crassostrea gigas.

Cited by 105 publications

References 13 publications

Concomitant herpes-like virus infections in hatchery-reared larvae and nursery-cultured spat Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis

Concomitant herpes-like virus infections in hatchery-reared larvae and nursery-cultured spat Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis

A herpes-like virus infects a non-ostreid bivalve species: virus replication in Ruditapes philippinarum larvae

Antiviral immunity in marine molluscs

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