Purification and characterization of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).

Abstract

A colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) has been purified to homogeneity from the serum‐free medium conditioned by one of the human CSF‐producing tumor cell lines, CHU‐2. The molecule was a hydrophobic glycoprotein (mol. wt 19,000, pI = 6.1 as asialo form) with possible O‐linked glycosides. Amino acid sequence determination of the molecule gave a single NH2‐terminal sequence which had no homology to the corresponding sequence of the other CSFs previously reported. The biological activity was apparently specific for a neutrophilic granulocyte‐lineage of both human and mouse bone marrow cells with a specific activity of 2.7 X 10(8) colonies/10(5) non‐adherent human bone marrow cells/mg protein. The purified CSF can be regarded as a G‐CSF of human origin and will become a useful material for investigation of regulatory mechanisms of human granulopoiesis.

Neutrophil-related cytokines and neutrophil products in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with ANCA negative Wegener's granulomatosis

“…G-CSF is a primary cytokine capable of stimulating the proliferation and activation of neutrophils [15]. An elevated serum level of G-CSF (74 pg·mL -1 ) was also observed in our patient (table 1), compared with a concentration of 13.8±7.7 pg·mL -1 measured in 116 normal Japanese individuals [8].…”

Protective Effect of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor (rG‐CSF) against Various Microbial Infections in Neutropenic Mice

“…We have previously reported that the resistance of such neutropenic mice to infection was restored to normal levels by subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) derived from human squamous carcinoma CHU-2 cells (11). The G-CSF used in those experiments was a purified native factor (13). The gene encoding human G-CSF has recently been cloned and recombinant G-CSF (rG-CSF) can be produced by transfecting the gene into Chineses hamster ovary (CHO) cells (12).…”

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor producing mucinous cystic neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma of the pancreas

“…Following the purification of human G-CSF from tumor cell lines (16) and its utilization for immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded sections (17), several G-CSF-secreting pancreatic carcinomas have been confirmed using immunohistochemistry (6). The diagnostic criteria for G-CSF-producing tumors are as follows: i) Extreme leukocytosis, ii) elevated G-CSF activity, iii) a decreased white blood cell count following tumor resection, or iv) proof of G-CSF production in the tumor (9).…”

“…G-CSF functions as not only a hematopoietic growth factor but also as an autocrine growth factor associated with the proliferation of tumor cells (19,20). G-CSF released by tumor cells may bind to G-CSF receptors in the tumor cells, triggering proliferation, invasion, migration via an autocrine mechanism, and the transformation of the epithelial elements into a more immature or high-grade phenotype (16,19). Regardless of the therapeutic efforts, the prognosis of patients G-CSF-producing pancreatic tumors is extremely poor, which is supported by the fact that all referred cases, regardless of surgical treatment or chemotherapy, succumbed to disease within 8 months of the initial consultation (12).…”