Purification and characterisation of an immunosuppressive factor from normal human seminal plasma

Multiplex determination of murine seminal fluid cytokine profiles

“…The opinion that seminal plasma is not just a transport medium for the transfer of spermatozoa to the maternal tract is not recent, and its immunomodulatory properties in protecting spermatozoa, priming the uterus for pregnancy and modulating killer cell activities have long been recognized (Koch & Ellendorff 1985, Rees et al 1986, Saxena et al 1988, Cardoso et al 1993, Liang et al 1993. In the mouse, mating induces a marked, yet transient, inflammatory response associated with endometrial leukocyte infiltration, which commonly dissipates by the time of blastocyst hatching and implantation (Robertson et al 1997).…”

Binding of a specific subclass of immunoglobulins by a human seminal plasma component

“…Human seminal plasma contains multiple factors with immunosuppressive activity (Stites & Erickson, 1975;James & Szymaniec, 1985;Tarter et al, 1986;Alexander & Anderson, 1987;Szymaniec et al, 1987;Saxena et al, 1988). We have identified 19-hydroxyprostaglandin E as one of the factors of seminal plasma that suppresses natural killer cell activity (Tarter et al., 1986).…”

“…Human seminal plasma (hSP) contains factors that suppress various immune reactions and immunocompetent cells (Stites & Erickson, 1975;Lord et al, 1977;James & Szymaniec, 1985;Alexander & Anderson, 1987;Saxena et al, 1988). Two immunosuppressive factors have been identified.…”

“…Two immunosuppressive factors have been identified. They are 19-hydroxyprostaglandin-E, a potent inhibitor of human natural killer cell cytotoxic activity (Tarter et al, 1986) and a 35-kD protein that suppresses phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A stimulation of lymphoblastogenesis (Saxena et al, 1988). In addition, hSP contains soluble Fc binding receptors (Witkin et al, 1983;Thaler et al, 1989;Kamada et al, 1991).…”

Identification of Human Seminal Plasma Components that Bind IgG2Variant

“…Although the functional role of IgGs in hsp is not known, they may be active components of the immunosurveillance system of the male reproductive tract. It is hypothesized that the activity of the immunosurveillance system of the male reproductive tract may be dependent on the concentrations of the various Ig binding components in hsp [8, [10][11][12]151. The Ig binding components present in hsp should also be considered in the development of contraceptive vaccine, since these factors may modulate the action of antibodies secreted into the female reproductive tract.…”