The representation theory of involutory (or 'maximal compact') subalgebras of infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody algebras is largely terra incognita, especially with regard to fermionic (double-valued) representations. Nevertheless, certain distinguished such representations feature prominently in proposals of possible symmetries underlying M theory, both at the classical and the quantum level.Here we summarise recent efforts to study spinorial representations systematically, most notably for the case of the hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra E 10 where spinors of the involutory subalgebra K(E 10 ) are expected to play a role in describing algebraically the fermionic sector of D = 11 supergravity and M theory. Although these results remain very incomplete, they also point towards the beginning of a possible explanation of the fermion structure observed in the Standard Model of Particle Physics.